From e61542092e204e1baadcb38fe7535c08faa0e07b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: wyc <1104749580@qq.com>
Date: Sat, 29 Aug 2026 00:38:34 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=94=B9=E7=BB=93=E6=9E=84?=
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---
 mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_3D.cpp         | 161 +++++++++-----
 render_3D/render_3D/base/Types.hpp            |   3 -
 render_3D/render_3D/detail/Backend_Types.hpp  |  16 --
 render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.ipp |   9 +-
 .../render_3D/scene/Scene_Datoviz_State.hpp   |  46 +++-
 .../scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline.ipp   |  16 +-
 .../scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_State.hpp      |   1 -
 .../scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Target.ipp     |   5 -
 .../scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Components.hpp |  77 -------
 .../scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Resources.ipp  |   3 +-
 .../scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_Set.ipp       |  35 ++-
 .../scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_State.hpp     |   2 +-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.cpp   |   6 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.hpp   |  28 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.ipp   | 204 ++++++++++--------
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.cpp   |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.hpp   |  33 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.ipp   |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.cpp   |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.hpp   |  43 ++--
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.ipp   |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.cpp  |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.hpp  |  43 ++--
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.ipp  |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.cpp  |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.hpp  |  34 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.ipp  |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.cpp    |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.hpp    |  33 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.ipp    |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.cpp    |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.hpp    |  33 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.ipp    |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.cpp   |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.hpp   |  33 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.ipp   |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.cpp   |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.hpp   |  43 ++--
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.ipp   |   9 +
 .../render_3D/visual/Prepared_Visual.hpp      |  14 +-
 .../render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.cpp     |   7 +
 .../render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.hpp     |  33 ++-
 .../render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.ipp     |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.cpp |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.hpp |  33 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.ipp |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.cpp  |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.hpp  |  33 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.ipp  |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.cpp   |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.hpp   |  33 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.ipp   |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.cpp    |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.hpp    |  34 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.ipp    |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.cpp  |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.hpp  |  33 ++-
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.ipp  |   9 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Visual_Spec.hpp    |  14 --
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.cpp  |   7 +
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.hpp  |  43 ++--
 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.ipp  |   9 +
 render_3D/tests/Visual_Tests.cpp              |   6 +-
 63 files changed, 953 insertions(+), 470 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Components.hpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.cpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.cpp
 delete mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Visual_Spec.hpp
 create mode 100644 render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.cpp

diff --git a/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_3D.cpp b/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_3D.cpp
index fff59fd..344a13f 100644
--- a/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_3D.cpp
+++ b/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_3D.cpp
@@ -239,7 +239,8 @@ struct Random_Data_Generator {
         const auto sequence = request.sequence != 0
             ? request.sequence
             : static_cast<std::uint64_t>(request.time_milliseconds * 10.0);
-        auto items = visual.template read_prop<typename Definition::Base_Tag>().items;
+        auto items = visual.template current_buffer<typename Definition::Frame_Tag>()
+                         .items;
         for (std::size_t index = 0; index < items.size(); ++index) {
             auto& item = items[index];
             if constexpr (requires { item.position; })
@@ -265,7 +266,8 @@ struct Random_Data_Generator {
                         std::to_string(sequence % 10'000U);
             }
         }
-        visual.template set<&Prop::items>(std::move(items));
+        visual.template pending_buffer<typename Definition::Frame_Tag>().items =
+            std::move(items);
 
     }
 };
@@ -314,8 +316,7 @@ public:
         descriptors_.push_back(detail::make_renderable_descriptor("axes", "三维坐标轴", "axes", Axes_Adapter{*axes_}));
         if constexpr (std::same_as<Definition, Marker_Visual>) {
             using Marker_Adapter = detail::Renderable_Adapter<Visual_Object,
-                                                              detail::Prop_Field < &Prop::items, "items", "Marker collection; editing the collection adds, moves or removes actual Scene markers.">,
-            detail::Prop_Field < &Prop::transform, "transform", "World transform applied to the complete marker collection." >,
+                                                              detail::Prop_Field < &Prop::transform, "transform", "World transform applied to the complete marker collection." >,
             detail::Prop_Field < &Prop::visible, "visible", "Whether markers participate in rendering." >,
             detail::Prop_Field < &Prop::depth_test, "depth_test", "Whether marker fragments use depth testing." >,
             detail::State_Field < Definition::Base_Tag, &State::item_count, "item_count", "Number of markers in the Scene." >,
@@ -332,8 +333,7 @@ public:
             using Marker_Prop = Marker_Visual::Prop;
             using Marker_State = Marker_Visual::State;
             using Marker_Adapter = detail::Renderable_Adapter<Marker_Object,
-                                                              detail::Prop_Field < &Marker_Prop::items, "items", "Surface marker anchors; X and Y are editable while Z is derived from the current spectrogram surface.", "surface-marker-list">,
-            detail::Prop_Field < &Marker_Prop::visible, "visible", "Whether the spectrogram marker layer is visible." >,
+                                                              detail::Prop_Field < &Marker_Prop::visible, "visible", "Whether the spectrogram marker layer is visible." >,
             detail::Prop_Field < &Marker_Prop::depth_test, "depth_test", "Whether markers may be occluded by the surface." >,
             detail::State_Field<Marker_Visual::Base_Tag, &Marker_State::item_count, "item_count", "Number of spectrogram markers.">,
             detail::State_Field<Marker_Visual::Base_Tag, &Marker_State::prepared_item_count, "prepared_item_count", "Number of markers prepared for Datoviz.">,
@@ -391,8 +391,8 @@ public:
         }
         else {
             using Definition = typename Visual_Object::Attached_Object;
-            using Prop = typename Definition::Prop;
-            using Items = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(std::declval<Prop>().items)>;
+            using Frame = typename Definition::Frame;
+            using Items = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(std::declval<Frame>().items)>;
             try {
                 std::mt19937_64 engine{input_count(input, "seed", 4'294'967'295ULL)};
                 Items generated;
@@ -407,16 +407,16 @@ public:
                     std::uniform_real_distribution<float> distribution(minimum, maximum);
                     generated.resize(count);
                     for (auto& item : generated) item.value = distribution(engine);
-                    visual_->template update_prop<&Prop::items>([&](auto props) {
-                        auto& prop = props.template get<typename Definition::Base_Tag>();
-                        prop.field_width = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(width);
-                        prop.field_height = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(height);
-                        prop.field_depth = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(depth);
-                    });
+                    auto& frame = visual_->template pending_buffer<
+                        typename Definition::Frame_Tag>();
+                    frame.field_width = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(width);
+                    frame.field_height = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(height);
+                    frame.field_depth = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(depth);
                 }
                 else {
                     count = input_count(input, "count", 5'000'000);
-                    const auto& current = visual_->template read_prop<typename Definition::Base_Tag>().items;
+                    const auto& current = visual_->template current_buffer<
+                        typename Definition::Frame_Tag>().items;
                     if (current.empty()) throw std::invalid_argument("visual has no item template");
                     const auto prototype = current.front();
                     Item_Randomizer<Definition> randomize(input);
@@ -427,7 +427,8 @@ public:
                         generated.push_back(std::move(item));
                     }
                 }
-                visual_->template set<&Definition::Prop::items>(std::move(generated));
+                visual_->template pending_buffer<typename Definition::Frame_Tag>()
+                    .items = std::move(generated);
                 return {{"success", true}, {"generated_count", count}};
             }
             catch (const std::exception& error) {
@@ -462,6 +463,14 @@ struct Scene_Components_3D {
         plot::Axis_Descriptor{{-1.0, 1.0}, plot::Axis_Scale::linear, "Z", "", 5, 2, true, true, true}
     };
 };
+template <typename Visual, typename Build_Result>
+Build_Result initialize_visual_frame(
+    Build_Result result, typename Visual::Frame frame) {
+    if (result)
+        result.value()->template initialize_buffer<typename Visual::Frame_Tag>(
+            std::move(frame));
+    return result;
+}
 template <typename Definition, typename Build_Result,
           typename Data_Generator = Random_Data_Generator>
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_visual_plot(std::string label,
@@ -712,7 +721,8 @@ struct Spectrogram_Data_Generator {
             parameters = next;
             auto mesh = spectrogram_mesh(parameters);
             const auto vertex_count = mesh.size();
-            visual.template set<&Mesh_Visual::Prop::items>(std::move(mesh));
+            visual.template pending_buffer<Mesh_Frame_Tag>().items =
+                std::move(mesh);
             plot::Axis_Descriptor time_axis{
                 {0.0, parameters.time_span_seconds},
                 plot::Axis_Scale::time, "Time", "s", 6, 1, true, true, true
@@ -753,39 +763,52 @@ struct Spectrogram_Data_Generator {
             return;
         const double animation_seconds = request.time_milliseconds / 1000.0 * parameters.animation_speed;
         auto mesh = spectrogram_mesh(parameters, animation_seconds);
-        visual.template set<&Mesh_Visual::Prop::items>(std::move(mesh));
+        visual.template pending_buffer<Mesh_Frame_Tag>().items =
+            std::move(mesh);
         if (!markers) return;
-        auto items = markers->template read_prop<Marker_Visual::Base_Tag>().items;
+        auto items = markers->template current_buffer<Marker_Frame_Tag>().items;
         for (auto& marker : items) {
             const float time = std::clamp((marker.position.x + 1.0F) * 0.5F, 0.0F, 1.0F);
             const float frequency = std::clamp((marker.position.y + 1.0F) * 0.5F, 0.0F, 1.0F);
             marker.position.z = -1.0F + 2.0F * spectrogram_level(
                 time, frequency, animation_seconds, parameters.ridge_count);
         }
-        markers->template set<&Marker_Visual::Prop::items>(std::move(items));
+        markers->template pending_buffer<Marker_Frame_Tag>().items =
+            std::move(items);
     }
 };
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_point_plot() {
-    return make_visual_plot<Point_Visual>("Point Visual", Point_Visual::Builder<Point_Visual>{}
-                                                          .set(&Point_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Point>{{{-0.65F, -0.25F, 0.05F}, color(255, 91, 110), 28.0F}, {{0.0F, 0.58F, 0.25F}, color(82, 226, 190), 34.0F}, {{0.62F, -0.12F, -0.15F}, color(75, 145, 255), 30.0F}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Point_Visual>("Point Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Point_Visual>(
+            Point_Visual::Builder<Point_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Point_Frame{{{{-0.65F, -0.25F, 0.05F}, color(255, 91, 110), 28.0F}, {{0.0F, 0.58F, 0.25F}, color(82, 226, 190), 34.0F}, {{0.62F, -0.12F, -0.15F}, color(75, 145, 255), 30.0F}}}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_splat_plot() {
-    return make_visual_plot<Splat_Visual>("Splat Visual", Splat_Visual::Builder<Splat_Visual>{}
-                                                          .set(&Splat_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Splat>{{{-0.48F, 0.0F, 0.1F}, color(255, 98, 115, 210), {0.18F, 0.08F}, 0.45F}, {{0.28F, 0.15F, 0.0F}, color(66, 218, 188, 210), {0.12F, 0.22F}, -0.3F}, {{0.15F, -0.38F, 0.2F}, color(76, 132, 255, 210), {0.2F, 0.1F}, 0.9F}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Splat_Visual>("Splat Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Splat_Visual>(
+            Splat_Visual::Builder<Splat_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Splat_Frame{{{{-0.48F, 0.0F, 0.1F}, color(255, 98, 115, 210), {0.18F, 0.08F}, 0.45F}, {{0.28F, 0.15F, 0.0F}, color(66, 218, 188, 210), {0.12F, 0.22F}, -0.3F}, {{0.15F, -0.38F, 0.2F}, color(76, 132, 255, 210), {0.2F, 0.1F}, 0.9F}}}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_pixel_plot() {
     std::vector<Pixel> pixels;
     for (int y = -8; y <= 8; ++y) for (int x = -12; x <= 12; ++x) pixels.push_back({{x / 13.0F, y / 9.0F, 0.12F * std::sin(x * .45F) * std::cos(y * .35F)}, color(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(90 + 6 * (x + 12)), static_cast<std::uint8_t>(100 + 8 * (y + 8)), 230), 5.0F});
-    return make_visual_plot<Pixel_Visual>("Pixel Visual", Pixel_Visual::Builder<Pixel_Visual>{}.set(&Pixel_Visual::Prop::items, std::move(pixels)).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Pixel_Visual>("Pixel Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Pixel_Visual>(
+            Pixel_Visual::Builder<Pixel_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Pixel_Frame{std::move(pixels)}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_marker_plot() {
-    return make_visual_plot<Marker_Visual>("Marker Visual", Marker_Visual::Builder<Marker_Visual>{}
-                                                            .set(&Marker_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Marker>{{{-0.7F, 0.0F, 0.0F}, color(255, 93, 115), 34.0F, 0.0F, Marker_Shape::disc}, {{-0.35F, 0.25F, 0.1F}, color(91, 226, 193), 36.0F, 0.25F, Marker_Shape::square}, {{0.0F, -0.2F, 0.2F}, color(100, 158, 255), 38.0F, 0.5F, Marker_Shape::triangle}, {{0.35F, 0.25F, 0.1F}, color(250, 195, 92), 40.0F, 0.75F, Marker_Shape::diamond}, {{0.7F, 0.0F, 0.0F}, color(201, 132, 255), 42.0F, 1.0F, Marker_Shape::cross}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Marker_Visual>("Marker Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Marker_Visual>(
+            Marker_Visual::Builder<Marker_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Marker_Frame{{{{-0.7F, 0.0F, 0.0F}, color(255, 93, 115), 34.0F, 0.0F, Marker_Shape::disc}, {{-0.35F, 0.25F, 0.1F}, color(91, 226, 193), 36.0F, 0.25F, Marker_Shape::square}, {{0.0F, -0.2F, 0.2F}, color(100, 158, 255), 38.0F, 0.5F, Marker_Shape::triangle}, {{0.35F, 0.25F, 0.1F}, color(250, 195, 92), 40.0F, 0.75F, Marker_Shape::diamond}, {{0.7F, 0.0F, 0.0F}, color(201, 132, 255), 42.0F, 1.0F, Marker_Shape::cross}}}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_sphere_plot() {
-    return make_visual_plot<Sphere_Visual>("Sphere Visual", Sphere_Visual::Builder<Sphere_Visual>{}
-                                                            .set(&Sphere_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Sphere>{{{-0.48F, -0.2F, 0.0F}, color(255, 91, 110), 0.28F}, {{0.08F, 0.25F, 0.18F}, color(82, 226, 190), 0.36F}, {{0.55F, -0.18F, -0.12F}, color(75, 145, 255), 0.24F}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Sphere_Visual>("Sphere Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Sphere_Visual>(
+            Sphere_Visual::Builder<Sphere_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Sphere_Frame{{{{-0.48F, -0.2F, 0.0F}, color(255, 91, 110), 0.28F}, {{0.08F, 0.25F, 0.18F}, color(82, 226, 190), 0.36F}, {{0.55F, -0.18F, -0.12F}, color(75, 145, 255), 0.24F}}}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_segment_plot() {
     std::vector<Segment> segments;
@@ -793,24 +816,36 @@ std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_segment_plot() {
         const float angle = static_cast<float>(index) * std::numbers::pi_v<float> / 6.0F;
         segments.push_back({{0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F}, {0.82F * std::cos(angle), 0.82F * std::sin(angle), 0.18F * std::sin(2 * angle)}, color(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(80 + index * 13), static_cast<std::uint8_t>(220 - index * 8), 240), 4.0F});
     }
-    return make_visual_plot<Segment_Visual>("Segment Visual", Segment_Visual::Builder<Segment_Visual>{}.set(&Segment_Visual::Prop::items, std::move(segments)).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Segment_Visual>("Segment Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Segment_Visual>(
+            Segment_Visual::Builder<Segment_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Segment_Frame{std::move(segments)}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_vector_plot() {
-    return make_visual_plot<Vector_Visual>("Vector Visual", Vector_Visual::Builder<Vector_Visual>{}
-                                                            .set(&Vector_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Vector_Glyph>{{{-0.55F, -0.35F, 0.0F}, {0.55F, 0.2F, 0.25F}, color(255, 98, 115), 4.0F}, {{-0.1F, 0.0F, 0.0F}, {0.2F, 0.62F, 0.18F}, color(80, 225, 190), 5.0F}, {{0.35F, -0.25F, 0.0F}, {-0.12F, 0.25F, 0.65F}, color(78, 145, 255), 4.0F}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Vector_Visual>("Vector Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Vector_Visual>(
+            Vector_Visual::Builder<Vector_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Vector_Frame{{{{-0.55F, -0.35F, 0.0F}, {0.55F, 0.2F, 0.25F}, color(255, 98, 115), 4.0F}, {{-0.1F, 0.0F, 0.0F}, {0.2F, 0.62F, 0.18F}, color(80, 225, 190), 5.0F}, {{0.35F, -0.25F, 0.0F}, {-0.12F, 0.25F, 0.65F}, color(78, 145, 255), 4.0F}}}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_primitive_plot() {
-    return make_visual_plot<Primitive_Visual>("Primitive Visual", Primitive_Visual::Builder<Primitive_Visual>{}
-                                                                  .set(&Primitive_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Primitive_Vertex>{{{-0.72F, -0.55F, 0.0F}, color(255, 86, 110), {0, 0, 1}}, {{0.72F, -0.55F, 0.0F}, color(75, 145, 255), {0, 0, 1}}, {{0.0F, 0.72F, 0.25F}, color(82, 226, 190), {0, 0, 1}}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Primitive_Visual>("Primitive Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Primitive_Visual>(
+            Primitive_Visual::Builder<Primitive_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Primitive_Frame{{{{-0.72F, -0.55F, 0.0F}, color(255, 86, 110), {0, 0, 1}}, {{0.72F, -0.55F, 0.0F}, color(75, 145, 255), {0, 0, 1}}, {{0.0F, 0.72F, 0.25F}, color(82, 226, 190), {0, 0, 1}}}}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_mesh_plot() {
     const std::vector<Mesh_Vertex> mesh{{{-0.65F, -0.55F, 0.0F}, color(255, 94, 112), {0, 0, 1}, {0, 0}}, {{0.65F, -0.55F, 0.0F}, color(75, 145, 255), {0, 0, 1}, {1, 0}}, {{0.65F, 0.55F, 0.0F}, color(82, 226, 190), {0, 0, 1}, {1, 1}}, {{-0.65F, -0.55F, 0.0F}, color(255, 94, 112), {0, 0, 1}, {0, 0}}, {{0.65F, 0.55F, 0.0F}, color(82, 226, 190), {0, 0, 1}, {1, 1}}, {{-0.65F, 0.55F, 0.0F}, color(244, 190, 86), {0, 0, 1}, {0, 1}}};
-    return make_visual_plot<Mesh_Visual>("Mesh Visual", Mesh_Visual::Builder<Mesh_Visual>{}.set(&Mesh_Visual::Prop::items, mesh).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Mesh_Visual>("Mesh Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Mesh_Visual>(
+            Mesh_Visual::Builder<Mesh_Visual>{}.build(), Mesh_Frame{mesh}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_spectrogram_plot() {
     const Spectrogram_Parameters parameters;
-    auto marker_result = Marker_Visual::Builder<Marker_Visual>{}
-                         .set(&Marker_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Marker>{
+    auto marker_result = initialize_visual_frame<Marker_Visual>(
+        Marker_Visual::Builder<Marker_Visual>{}
+                         .set(&Marker_Visual::Prop::depth_test, false)
+                         .build(),
+        Marker_Frame{std::vector<Marker>{
                                   {
                                       {-0.35F, -0.18F, 0.72F}, color(255, 244, 170), 23.0F, 0.0F,
                                       Marker_Shape::diamond, false
@@ -819,9 +854,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_spectrogram_plot() {
                                       {0.28F, 0.34F, 0.86F}, color(88, 236, 211), 21.0F, 0.0F,
                                       Marker_Shape::cross, false
                                   }
-                              })
-                         .set(&Marker_Visual::Prop::depth_test, false)
-                         .build();
+                              }});
     if (!marker_result) throw std::logic_error("3D Spectrogram marker construction failed");
     auto markers = std::move(marker_result).value();
     Scene_Components_3D components;
@@ -859,9 +892,9 @@ std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_spectrogram_plot() {
     };
     return make_visual_plot<Mesh_Visual>(
         "3D Spectrogram",
-        Mesh_Visual::Builder<Mesh_Visual>{}
-        .set(&Mesh_Visual::Prop::items, spectrogram_mesh(parameters))
-        .build(),
+        initialize_visual_frame<Mesh_Visual>(
+            Mesh_Visual::Builder<Mesh_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Mesh_Frame{spectrogram_mesh(parameters)}),
         std::move(components), Spectrogram_Data_Generator{parameters}, std::move(markers));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_path_plot() {
@@ -870,7 +903,10 @@ std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_path_plot() {
         const float t = static_cast<float>(index) / 63.0F;
         path.push_back({{-0.9F + 1.8F * t, 0.48F * std::sin(t * 4.0F * std::numbers::pi_v<float>), 0.25F * std::cos(t * 2.0F * std::numbers::pi_v<float>)}, color(static_cast<std::uint8_t>(70 + 170 * t), static_cast<std::uint8_t>(220 - 80 * t), 245), 5.0F});
     }
-    return make_visual_plot<Path_Visual>("Path Visual", Path_Visual::Builder<Path_Visual>{}.set(&Path_Visual::Prop::items, std::move(path)).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Path_Visual>("Path Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Path_Visual>(
+            Path_Visual::Builder<Path_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Path_Frame{std::move(path)}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_image_plot() {
     std::vector<Color> pixels(32U * 32U);
@@ -878,10 +914,11 @@ std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_image_plot() {
         for (std::uint32_t x = 0; x < 32U; ++x)
             pixels[y * 32U + x] = (x / 8U + y / 8U) % 2U == 0U
                 ? color(40, 235, 205) : color(18, 42, 72);
-    return make_visual_plot<Image_Visual>("Image Visual", Image_Visual::Builder<Image_Visual>{}
-                                                          .set(&Image_Visual::Prop::field_width, 32U).set(&Image_Visual::Prop::field_height, 32U)
-                                                          .set(&Image_Visual::Prop::field_pixels, std::move(pixels))
-                                                          .set(&Image_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Image>{{{0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F}, {1.45F, 1.0F}, {0, 0, 1, 1}}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Image_Visual>("Image Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Image_Visual>(
+            Image_Visual::Builder<Image_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Image_Frame{{{{0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F}, {1.45F, 1.0F}, {0, 0, 1, 1}}},
+                        32U, 32U, std::move(pixels)}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_labels_plot() {
     std::vector<std::int32_t> labels(8U * 8U);
@@ -889,24 +926,30 @@ std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_labels_plot() {
         for (std::uint32_t x = 0; x < 8U; ++x)
             labels[y * 8U + x] = static_cast<std::int32_t>(
                 x / 4U + 2U * (y / 4U));
-    return make_visual_plot<Labels_Visual>("Labels Visual", Labels_Visual::Builder<Labels_Visual>{}
-                                                            .set(&Labels_Visual::Prop::field_width, 8U).set(&Labels_Visual::Prop::field_height, 8U)
-                                                            .set(&Labels_Visual::Prop::field_labels, std::move(labels))
-                                                            .set(&Labels_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Label>{{{-0.55F, 0.28F, 0.0F}, {72, 34}, {0, 0, 0.5F, 0.5F}}, {{0.5F, 0.25F, 0.1F}, {72, 34}, {0.5F, 0, 1, 0.5F}}, {{-0.45F, -0.32F, 0.1F}, {72, 34}, {0, 0.5F, 0.5F, 1}}, {{0.55F, -0.3F, 0.0F}, {72, 34}, {0.5F, 0.5F, 1, 1}}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Labels_Visual>("Labels Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Labels_Visual>(
+            Labels_Visual::Builder<Labels_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Labels_Frame{{{{-0.55F, 0.28F, 0.0F}, {72, 34}, {0, 0, 0.5F, 0.5F}}, {{0.5F, 0.25F, 0.1F}, {72, 34}, {0.5F, 0, 1, 0.5F}}, {{-0.45F, -0.32F, 0.1F}, {72, 34}, {0, 0.5F, 0.5F, 1}}, {{0.55F, -0.3F, 0.0F}, {72, 34}, {0.5F, 0.5F, 1, 1}}},
+                         8U, 8U, std::move(labels)}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_glyph_plot() {
-    return make_visual_plot<Glyph_Visual>("Glyph Visual", Glyph_Visual::Builder<Glyph_Visual>{}
-                                                          .set(&Glyph_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Glyph>{{{-0.55F, -0.15F, 0.0F}, {-0.18F, -0.18F, 0.18F, 0.18F}, {0, 0, 1, 1}, color(255, 100, 120), -0.2F}, {{0.0F, 0.22F, 0.1F}, {-0.22F, -0.22F, 0.22F, 0.22F}, {0, 0, 1, 1}, color(82, 226, 190), 0.25F}, {{0.55F, -0.15F, 0.0F}, {-0.2F, -0.2F, 0.2F, 0.2F}, {0, 0, 1, 1}, color(80, 145, 255), 0.55F}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Glyph_Visual>("Glyph Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Glyph_Visual>(
+            Glyph_Visual::Builder<Glyph_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Glyph_Frame{{{{-0.55F, -0.15F, 0.0F}, {-0.18F, -0.18F, 0.18F, 0.18F}, {0, 0, 1, 1}, color(255, 100, 120), -0.2F}, {{0.0F, 0.22F, 0.1F}, {-0.22F, -0.22F, 0.22F, 0.22F}, {0, 0, 1, 1}, color(82, 226, 190), 0.25F}, {{0.55F, -0.15F, 0.0F}, {-0.2F, -0.2F, 0.2F, 0.2F}, {0, 0, 1, 1}, color(80, 145, 255), 0.55F}}}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_text_plot() {
-    return make_visual_plot<Text_Visual>("Text Visual", Text_Visual::Builder<Text_Visual>{}
-                                                        .set(&Text_Visual::Prop::items, std::vector<Text_Label>{{{-0.72F, 0.28F, 0.0F}, "Aethera", color(82, 226, 190), 28.0F}, {{-0.62F, -0.15F, 0.1F}, "Datoviz Visual", color(90, 155, 255), 22.0F}}).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Text_Visual>("Text Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Text_Visual>(
+            Text_Visual::Builder<Text_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Text_Frame{{{{-0.72F, 0.28F, 0.0F}, "Aethera", color(82, 226, 190), 28.0F}, {{-0.62F, -0.15F, 0.1F}, "Datoviz Visual", color(90, 155, 255), 22.0F}}}));
 }
 std::shared_ptr<Plot> make_datoviz_volume_plot() {
     std::vector<Voxel> voxels(16U * 16U * 16U);
     for (std::size_t index = 0; index < voxels.size(); ++index) voxels[index].value = static_cast<float>(index % 256U) / 255.0F;
-    return make_visual_plot<Volume_Visual>("Volume Visual", Volume_Visual::Builder<Volume_Visual>{}
-                                                            .set(&Volume_Visual::Prop::field_width, 16U).set(&Volume_Visual::Prop::field_height, 16U).set(&Volume_Visual::Prop::field_depth, 16U)
-                                                            .set(&Volume_Visual::Prop::items, std::move(voxels)).build());
+    return make_visual_plot<Volume_Visual>("Volume Visual",
+        initialize_visual_frame<Volume_Visual>(
+            Volume_Visual::Builder<Volume_Visual>{}.build(),
+            Volume_Frame{std::move(voxels), 16U, 16U, 16U}));
 }
 }
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/base/Types.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/base/Types.hpp
index 8c58c82..673904c 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/base/Types.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/base/Types.hpp
@@ -45,9 +45,6 @@ struct Linear_Color {
     Coordinate_3D alpha{1.0F}; /* 线性不透明度通道，范围为 0 到 1。 */
     bool operator==(const Linear_Color&) const = default;
 };
-struct Visual_Settings {
-    bool operator==(const Visual_Settings&) const = default;
-};
 namespace detail {
 [[nodiscard]] bool finite(Coordinate_3D value) noexcept;
 [[nodiscard]] bool finite(Vec2 value) noexcept;
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/detail/Backend_Types.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/detail/Backend_Types.hpp
index e077da2..b2cc38a 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/detail/Backend_Types.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/detail/Backend_Types.hpp
@@ -10,22 +10,6 @@
 #include <ranges>
 #include <vector>
 namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
-/* Scene 到 Backend 的唯一异构边界；Visual 对象内部不保存此信封。 */
-struct Prepared_Visual {
-    Matrix4 transform{};
-    bool visible{true};
-    bool depth_test{true};
-    std::uint64_t revision{};
-    std::uint64_t data_revision{};
-    const Datoviz_Visual_Operations* operations{};           /* 可空借用；未发布 payload 时为空。 */
-    std::shared_ptr<const void> data{};                       /* 具体 Visual Prepared_Data 的只读所有权。 */
-};
-template <typename Spec>
-Prepared_Visual erase_prepared_visual(
-    const Prepared_Visual_For<typename Spec::Prepared_Data>& source) {
-    return {source.transform, source.visible, source.depth_test, source.revision,
-            source.data_revision, &Spec::datoviz_operations(), source.data};
-}
 using Visual_Identity = std::uintptr_t;
 struct Visual_Registration {
     Visual_Identity identity{};                             /* Scene 内稳定对象身份，仅供后端匹配原生 Visual。 */
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.ipp
index 549fb13..24fd4f6 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.ipp
@@ -205,15 +205,12 @@ typename Render_Scene_3D::Builder<Object>::Final_Builder& Render_Scene_3D::Build
         &Visual_Object::Attached_Object::Specification::datoviz_operations(),
         [](not_null<Root*> root, std::shared_ptr<void> context) {
             using Definition = typename Visual_Object::Attached_Object;
-            using Prepared = typename Definition::Prepared_Visual;
             const not_null object{static_cast<Visual_Object*>(root.get())};
             Base::private_access(object.get()).template get<typename Definition::Base_Tag>()
                                               .bind_paint_target(std::move(context), [](void* raw_context, const Root* identity,
-                                                                                        const Prepared& prepared) {
+                                                                                        const detail::Prepared_Visual& prepared) {
                                                   auto& submission = *static_cast<detail::Scene_Paint_Context<Object>*>(raw_context);
                                                   const auto visual_identity = reinterpret_cast<detail::Visual_Identity>(identity);
-                                                  auto erased = detail::erase_prepared_visual<
-                                                      typename Definition::Specification>(prepared);
                                                   auto& visuals = *submission.visuals;
                                                   const auto found = std::ranges::find(
                                                       visuals, visual_identity,
@@ -223,7 +220,7 @@ typename Render_Scene_3D::Builder<Object>::Final_Builder& Render_Scene_3D::Build
                                                           "3D Visual published outside its Scene registration");
                                                   /* Builder 已经为每个 Visual 建立稳定槽位。并行 Submit 节点只写各自
                                                    * 的 visual 成员，不扩容容器，也不互相读写同一对象。 */
-                                                  found->visual = std::move(erased);
+                                                  found->visual = prepared;
                                               });
         }
     };
@@ -392,7 +389,7 @@ void Render_Scene_3D::Private::render_datoviz(
         std::optional<detail::Datoviz_Pending_Frame> prepared;
         if (context->events.empty()) {
             frame->mark(Frame_Trace_Marker::backend_prepare_started);
-            prepared = try_prepare_reused(
+            prepared = reuse_recorded_target(
                 scene, *visuals, sequence, observe, readback);
         }
         if (!prepared) {
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Scene_Datoviz_State.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Scene_Datoviz_State.hpp
index 4f54b2a..d91e1d0 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Scene_Datoviz_State.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Scene_Datoviz_State.hpp
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 #include "../base/Datoviz_Frame_Observation.hpp"
 #include "../detail/Backend_Types.hpp"
 #include "detail/Datoviz_Frame_State.hpp"
-#include "detail/Datoviz_Scene_Components.hpp"
 #include "detail/Datoviz_Visual_State.hpp"
+#include <plot/Axis.hpp>
 #include <render_common.hpp>
 #include <ownership.hpp>
 #include <array>
@@ -42,10 +42,7 @@ namespace aethera { namespace render_3d { namespace detail {
 
 struct Datoviz_Render_Context;
 
-struct Scene_Datoviz_State : private Datoviz_Native_Scene,
-                             private Datoviz_Visual_Set,
-                             private Datoviz_Interaction_State,
-                             private Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline {
+struct Scene_Datoviz_State {
     Scene_Datoviz_State();
     ~Scene_Datoviz_State();
     Scene_Datoviz_State(const Scene_Datoviz_State&) = delete;
@@ -93,10 +90,6 @@ struct Scene_Datoviz_State : private Datoviz_Native_Scene,
         const Scene_3D_Parameters& scene,
         const Prepared_Visual_Batch& visuals,
         std::uint64_t frame_sequence, bool observe, bool readback);
-    [[nodiscard]] std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> try_prepare_reused(
-        const Scene_3D_Parameters& scene,
-        const Prepared_Visual_Batch& visuals,
-        std::uint64_t frame_sequence, bool observe, bool readback);
     [[nodiscard]] DvzSceneFrameArtifact* emit(
         const Scene_3D_Parameters& scene, std::uint8_t target_index);
     [[nodiscard]] std::optional<std::uint8_t> acquire_target(Extent extent);
@@ -120,6 +113,41 @@ struct Scene_Datoviz_State : private Datoviz_Native_Scene,
     void abandon_resources() noexcept;
     void destroy();
 
+private:
+    struct Runtime_Slot {
+        owner<DvzDrp2Runtime*> runtime{};       /* 本目标槽独占的 DRP2 Runtime。 */
+        owner<DvzFramePlanEmitter*> emitter{}; /* 本目标槽独占的帧计划 emitter。 */
+    };
+
+    std::shared_ptr<Datoviz_Render_Context> render_context_{}; /* 本 Scene 独占 GPU 上下文的共享销毁闸门。 */
+    std::uintptr_t command_pool_{};         /* 本 Scene 独占 Vulkan Command Pool。 */
+    std::uintptr_t descriptor_pool_{};      /* 本 Scene 独占 Vulkan Descriptor Pool。 */
+    std::array<Runtime_Slot, 3> runtime_slots_{}; /* 三个固定目标槽的 Runtime。 */
+    owner<DvzScene*> scene_{};              /* Datoviz Scene 所有权。 */
+    DvzFigure* figure_{};                   /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
+    DvzPanel* panel_{};                     /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
+    DvzVisual* axes_visual_{};              /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
+    DvzText* axes_text_{};                  /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
+    Extent figure_extent_{};                /* 当前原生 Figure 尺寸。 */
+    std::uint64_t command_revision_{1};     /* 原生命令结构版本。 */
+    std::optional<Camera_Descriptor> applied_camera_{}; /* 已应用相机，仅用于结构复用判定。 */
+    std::optional<std::array<plot::Axis_Descriptor, 3>> applied_axes_{}; /* 已应用坐标轴。 */
+    std::atomic_bool quarantined_{};        /* Unknown Failure 后是否禁止销毁在途资源。 */
+
+    std::vector<Datoviz_Visual_Instance> visuals_{}; /* 注册顺序稳定的具体 Visual 集合。 */
+    std::vector<owner<DvzBuffer*>> external_buffers_{}; /* Visual 三槽属性 Buffer 唯一所有权。 */
+
+    owner<DvzItemInteraction*> item_interaction_{}; /* item query 能力所有权。 */
+    owner<DvzPinnedReadout*> hover_readout_{};      /* 当前 hover readout 所有权。 */
+    owner<DvzController*> camera_controller_{};    /* 相机控制器所有权。 */
+    owner<DvzInputRouter*> input_router_{};         /* 输入路由所有权。 */
+    owner<DvzPointerGestureHandler*> gesture_handler_{}; /* 指针手势处理器所有权。 */
+    std::uint64_t controller_revision_{1};          /* 已应用控制器输入版本。 */
+    bool input_changed_{};                          /* 当前录制周期是否消费了输入。 */
+
+    mutable std::mutex target_mutex_{};     /* 仅保护三槽在提交与回读边界的生命周期。 */
+    std::unique_ptr<Datoviz_Frame_Target_Set> targets_{}; /* 三槽唯一所有权。 */
+    std::uint64_t target_generation_{};     /* 目标槽重建代数。 */
 };
 
 }}} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline.ipp
index e29a987..e705f88 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline.ipp
@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline::Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline() :
-    targets_(std::make_unique<Datoviz_Frame_Target_Set>()) {}
-
 DvzSceneFrameArtifact* Scene_Datoviz_State::emit(
     const Scene_3D_Parameters& scene, std::uint8_t target_index) {
     if (target_index >= runtime_slots_.size() ||
@@ -118,19 +115,12 @@ std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::reuse_recorded_target(
         return Datoviz_Pending_Frame{
             reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(candidate->device()),
             reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(candidate->fence()), scene.viewport,
-            frame_sequence, target_index, candidate->generation(),
+            target_index, candidate->generation(),
             std::move(observation)
         };
     }
     return std::nullopt;
 }
-std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::try_prepare_reused(
-    const Scene_3D_Parameters& scene, const Prepared_Visual_Batch& visuals,
-    std::uint64_t frame_sequence, bool observe, bool readback) {
-    if (scene.viewport.empty()) return std::nullopt;
-    return reuse_recorded_target(
-        scene, visuals, frame_sequence, observe, readback);
-}
 std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::prepare(
     const Scene_3D_Parameters& scene, const Prepared_Visual_Batch& visuals,
     std::uint64_t frame_sequence, bool observe, bool readback) {
@@ -279,7 +269,7 @@ std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::prepare(
         return Datoviz_Pending_Frame{
             reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(frame_target.device()),
             reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(frame_target.fence()), scene.viewport,
-            frame_sequence, *target_index, frame_target.generation(),
+            *target_index, frame_target.generation(),
             std::move(observation)
         };
     }
@@ -372,7 +362,7 @@ std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::prepare(
     return Datoviz_Pending_Frame{
         reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(frame_target.device()),
         reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(frame_target.fence()), scene.viewport,
-        frame_sequence, *target_index, frame_target.generation(),
+        *target_index, frame_target.generation(),
         std::move(observation)
     };
 }
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_State.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_State.hpp
index 51a8415..407b475 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_State.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_State.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ struct Datoviz_Pending_Frame {
     std::uintptr_t device{};              /* Datoviz Device 的非拥有句柄值。 */
     std::uintptr_t fence{};               /* 本帧完成 Fence 的非拥有句柄值。 */
     Extent extent{};                      /* 本帧离屏目标尺寸。 */
-    std::uint64_t sequence{};             /* 调用方 Frame 的物理序号。 */
     std::uint8_t target_index{};          /* Scene 三槽中的目标下标。 */
     std::uint64_t target_generation{};    /* 防止槽重建后的陈旧引用命中。 */
     Datoviz_Frame_Observation observation{}; /* 直接附加到本帧的后端事实。 */
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Target.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Target.ipp
index 61528d9..eb9977b 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Target.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Target.ipp
@@ -332,9 +332,6 @@ public:
     [[nodiscard]] bool available() const noexcept {
         return !quarantined_ && !recording_ && !prepared_ && !in_flight_;
     }
-    [[nodiscard]] bool quiescent() const noexcept {
-        return !recording_ && !prepared_ && !in_flight_;
-    }
     void abort() noexcept {
         if (recording_ && commands_ != nullptr) dvz_cmd_reset(commands_);
         recording_ = false;
@@ -354,7 +351,6 @@ private:
     }
     void initialize_timestamps(not_null<DvzDevice*> device,
                                not_null<DvzQueue*> queue) noexcept {
-        timestamps_initialized_ = true;
         if (vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties == nullptr ||
             vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties == nullptr ||
             vkCreateQueryPool == nullptr ||
@@ -490,7 +486,6 @@ private:
     bool in_flight_{};
     bool observing_{};
     bool readback_requested_{};
-    bool timestamps_initialized_{};
     bool timestamps_supported_{};
     std::uint64_t recording_command_revision_{};
     std::uint64_t recorded_command_revision_{};
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Components.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Components.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 663ad99..0000000
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Components.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "Datoviz_Frame_State.hpp"
-#include "Datoviz_Visual_State.hpp"
-#include <plot/Axis.hpp>
-#include <ownership.hpp>
-#include <array>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
-#include <vector>
-
-struct DvzBuffer;
-struct DvzController;
-struct DvzDrp2Runtime;
-struct DvzFigure;
-struct DvzFramePlanEmitter;
-struct DvzInputRouter;
-struct DvzItemInteraction;
-struct DvzPanel;
-struct DvzPinnedReadout;
-struct DvzPointerGestureHandler;
-struct DvzScene;
-struct DvzText;
-struct DvzVisual;
-
-namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
-
-struct Datoviz_Render_Context;
-
-struct Datoviz_Runtime_Slot {
-    owner<DvzDrp2Runtime*> runtime{};       /* 本目标槽独占的 DRP2 Runtime。 */
-    owner<DvzFramePlanEmitter*> emitter{}; /* 本目标槽独占的帧计划 emitter。 */
-};
-
-struct Datoviz_Native_Scene {
-    std::shared_ptr<Datoviz_Render_Context> render_context_{}; /* 本 Scene 独占 GPU 上下文的共享销毁门闩。 */
-    std::uintptr_t command_pool_{};         /* 本 Scene 独占 Vulkan Command Pool。 */
-    std::uintptr_t descriptor_pool_{};      /* 本 Scene 独占 Vulkan Descriptor Pool。 */
-    std::array<Datoviz_Runtime_Slot, 3> runtime_slots_{}; /* 三个固定目标槽的 Runtime。 */
-    owner<DvzScene*> scene_{};              /* Datoviz Scene 所有权。 */
-    DvzFigure* figure_{};                   /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
-    DvzPanel* panel_{};                     /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
-    DvzVisual* axes_visual_{};              /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
-    DvzText* axes_text_{};                  /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
-    Extent figure_extent_{};                /* 当前原生 Figure 尺寸。 */
-    std::uint64_t command_revision_{1};     /* 原生命令结构版本。 */
-    std::optional<Camera_Descriptor> applied_camera_{}; /* 已应用相机，仅用于结构复用判定。 */
-    std::optional<std::array<plot::Axis_Descriptor, 3>> applied_axes_{}; /* 已应用坐标轴。 */
-    std::atomic_bool quarantined_{};        /* Unknown Failure 后是否禁止销毁在途资源。 */
-};
-
-struct Datoviz_Visual_Set {
-    std::vector<Datoviz_Visual_Instance> visuals_{}; /* 注册顺序稳定的具体 Visual 集合。 */
-    std::vector<owner<DvzBuffer*>> external_buffers_{}; /* Visual 三槽属性 Buffer 所有权。 */
-};
-
-struct Datoviz_Interaction_State {
-    owner<DvzItemInteraction*> item_interaction_{}; /* item query 能力所有权。 */
-    owner<DvzPinnedReadout*> hover_readout_{};      /* 当前 hover readout 所有权。 */
-    owner<DvzController*> camera_controller_{};    /* 相机控制器所有权。 */
-    owner<DvzInputRouter*> input_router_{};         /* 输入路由所有权。 */
-    owner<DvzPointerGestureHandler*> gesture_handler_{}; /* 指针手势处理器所有权。 */
-    std::uint64_t controller_revision_{1};          /* 已应用控制器输入版本。 */
-    bool input_changed_{};                          /* 当前录制周期是否消费了输入。 */
-};
-
-struct Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline {
-    Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline();
-    mutable std::mutex target_mutex_{};     /* 仅保护三槽在提交与回读边界的生命周期。 */
-    std::unique_ptr<Datoviz_Frame_Target_Set> targets_{}; /* 三槽唯一所有权。 */
-    std::uint64_t target_generation_{};     /* 目标槽重建代数。 */
-};
-
-}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Resources.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Resources.ipp
index 82d1be7..37a539a 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Resources.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Resources.ipp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-Scene_Datoviz_State::Scene_Datoviz_State() = default;
+Scene_Datoviz_State::Scene_Datoviz_State() :
+    targets_(std::make_unique<Datoviz_Frame_Target_Set>()) {}
 Scene_Datoviz_State::~Scene_Datoviz_State() {
     try {
         destroy();
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_Set.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_Set.ipp
index 5a0ae17..1989541 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_Set.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_Set.ipp
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ void Scene_Datoviz_State::ensure_external_attributes(
         external_buffers_.push_back(gpu_buffer);
         attributes.push_back({
             name, stride, static_cast<std::uint32_t>(capacity),
-            not_null{scene_buffer}, gpu_buffer, false
+            not_null{scene_buffer}, not_null{gpu_buffer}, false
         });
     };
     for (const auto& attribute : layout)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ std::uint64_t Scene_Datoviz_State::upload_external_attributes(
         const auto byte_offset = static_cast<DvzSize>(context.target_index) *
         attribute.capacity * attribute.stride;
         dvz_buffer_upload(
-            attribute.gpu_buffer, byte_offset, byte_count, source.get());
+            attribute.gpu_buffer.get(), byte_offset, byte_count, source.get());
         *context.uploaded_bytes += byte_count;
     };
     target.operations->visit_external_attributes(
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ void Scene_Datoviz_State::register_external_attributes(
                                        &scene_descriptor))
                 throw std::runtime_error("failed to inspect Datoviz external buffer");
             auto descriptor = dvz_drp2_external_buffer_desc();
-            descriptor.buffer = attribute.gpu_buffer;
+            descriptor.buffer = attribute.gpu_buffer.get();
             descriptor.size = scene_descriptor.byte_size;
             descriptor.usage = DVZ_DRP2_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX;
             if (!dvz_drp2_runtime_register_external_buffer(
@@ -237,21 +237,18 @@ std::uint64_t Scene_Datoviz_State::apply_visual(
                 visual, point.visible && item_count != 0) != DVZ_OK)
             throw std::runtime_error("failed to apply Datoviz visual state");
     }
+    std::uint64_t uploaded_bytes{};
     if (item_count == 0) {
         if (dvz_visual_set_visible(visual, false) != DVZ_OK) throw std::runtime_error("failed to hide empty Datoviz point visual");
-        target.applied_revision = point.revision;
-        target.applied = point;
-        return 0;
     }
-    const auto count = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(item_count);
-    if (!target.operations->external_attributes.empty()) {
+    else if (!target.operations->external_attributes.empty()) {
+        const auto count = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(item_count);
         /*
          * 普通顶点族在第一次录制前即绑定三槽外部属性。Segment/Vector 的
          * typed-stroke 元数据、Glyph/Text 的 atlas 几何以及 Image/Labels/Volume
          * 的采样场资源继续使用 Datoviz 结构路径；
          * 把 dense 数据先写入再改绑会违反 Datoviz 的单一属性所有权契约。
          */
-        std::uint64_t uploaded_bytes{};
         ensure_external_attributes(target, point);
         if (bind_target) bind_external_attributes(target, target_index, count);
         if (target.uploaded_data_revisions[target_index] !=
@@ -265,20 +262,16 @@ std::uint64_t Scene_Datoviz_State::apply_visual(
             dvz_visual_set_visible(visual, point.visible) != DVZ_OK)
             throw std::runtime_error(
                 "failed to apply Datoviz external visual visibility");
-        target.applied_revision = point.revision;
-        target.applied = point;
-        return uploaded_bytes;
     }
-    if (target.applied && target.applied->data_revision == point.data_revision) {
-        target.applied_revision = point.revision;
-        target.applied = point;
-        return 0;
+    else if (!target.applied ||
+             target.applied->data_revision != point.data_revision) {
+        target.operations->upload_visual(
+            target, not_null{point.data.get()},
+            static_cast<std::uint32_t>(item_count));
+        if (dvz_visual_set_visible(visual, point.visible) != DVZ_OK)
+            throw std::runtime_error("failed to upload Datoviz visual payload");
     }
-    target.operations->upload_visual(
-        target, not_null{point.data.get()}, count);
-    if (dvz_visual_set_visible(visual, point.visible) != DVZ_OK)
-        throw std::runtime_error("failed to upload Datoviz visual payload");
     target.applied_revision = point.revision;
     target.applied = point;
-    return 0;
+    return uploaded_bytes;
 }
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_State.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_State.hpp
index cdf6bfb..d90f263 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_State.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Visual_State.hpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ struct Datoviz_External_Attribute {
     std::uint32_t stride{};               /* 单项字节跨度。 */
     std::uint32_t capacity{};             /* 每个帧槽可容纳的项数。 */
     not_null<DvzSceneBuffer*> scene_buffer; /* Scene 图借用的资源描述。 */
-    owner<DvzBuffer*> gpu_buffer{};        /* 本 Scene 独占的映射 GPU Buffer。 */
+    not_null<DvzBuffer*> gpu_buffer;       /* 必填、非拥有；由 Scene 的 Buffer 集合拥有。 */
     std::uint8_t registered_targets{};    /* 已绑定到哪些固定帧槽。 */
 };
 
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1631bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Basic_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Basic_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.hpp
index b4e8e20..0d9510a 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,29 +1,25 @@
 #pragma once
+
 #include "Prepared_Visual.hpp"
 #include <renderable.hpp>
 #include <memory>
-#include <vector>
+
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
-template <typename Spec>
-struct Basic_Visual : Def<Basic_Visual<Spec>, Renderable> {
-    using Specification = Spec;
-    using Item = typename Spec::Item;
-    using Prepared_Data = typename Spec::Prepared_Data;
-    using Prepared_Visual = detail::Prepared_Visual_For<Prepared_Data>;
-    struct Prop : Basic_Visual::Prev_Prop, Spec::Settings {
-        Matrix4 transform{};                                  /* 本地坐标到 Scene 坐标的变换。 */
-        bool visible{true};                                   /* 是否向后端提交可见图元。 */
-        bool depth_test{true};                                /* 是否启用深度测试。 */
-        std::vector<Item> items{};                            /* 外部读写的图元数据唯一权威来源。 */
+
+/* 所有 3D Visual 共享的变换、可见性和 Scene 提交能力；业务数据由具体 Visual 的 Buffer 持有。 */
+struct Basic_Visual : Def<Basic_Visual, Renderable> {
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop {
+        Matrix4 transform{};   /* 本地坐标到 Scene 坐标的变换。 */
+        bool visible{true};    /* 是否向后端提交可见图元。 */
+        bool depth_test{true}; /* 是否启用深度测试。 */
         bool operator==(const Prop&) const;
     };
-    struct State : Basic_Visual::Prev_State {
-        std::size_t item_count{};                             /* 最近一次推进后发布的输入图元数。 */
-        std::size_t prepared_item_count{};                    /* 最近一次 Prepare 输出的后端图元数。 */
-        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{};                    /* 最近一次 Prepare 输出版本。 */
+    struct State : Prev_State {
         bool operator==(const State&) const;
     };
     struct Private;
 };
+
 }
+
 #include "Basic_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.ipp
index 4326d11..0b78a8a 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Basic_Visual.ipp
@@ -1,70 +1,82 @@
 #pragma once
+
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <utility>
+
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
-template <typename Spec>
-struct Basic_Visual<Spec>::Private : Basic_Visual::Prev_Private {
-    using Enqueue_Paint = void (*)(void*, const Root*, const Prepared_Visual&);
+
+struct Basic_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {
+    using Enqueue_Paint = void (*)(
+        void*, const Root*, const detail::Prepared_Visual&);
     struct Paint_Target {
         std::weak_ptr<void> context{}; /* Scene 拥有的异步提交上下文；Scene 销毁后自动失效。 */
-        Enqueue_Paint enqueue{}; /* 只入队不等待 GPU 完成的 Paint 入口。 */
+        Enqueue_Paint enqueue{};       /* 只入队、不等待 GPU 完成的 Paint 入口。 */
     };
-    Paint_Target paint_target{}; /* Builder 绑定的所属 Scene 异步 Paint 目标。 */
-    Prepared_Visual prepared{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 生成的唯一提交产物。 */
-    std::uint64_t next_revision{1}; /* 下一份 Prepared_Visual 的单调版本。 */
+
+    Paint_Target paint_target{};        /* Builder 绑定的所属 Scene 异步 Paint 目标。 */
+    detail::Prepared_Visual prepared{};  /* 最近一次 Prepare 生成的唯一提交产物。 */
+    std::uint64_t next_revision{1};      /* 下一份提交产物的单调版本。 */
     std::uint64_t next_data_revision{1}; /* 下一份实际数据转换结果的版本。 */
-    static constexpr std::uint8_t state_change{1U};
-    static constexpr std::uint8_t data_change{2U};
-    std::uint8_t pending_changes{data_change}; /* 单写者推进域内尚未由 Prepare 消费的变更域。 */
-    /* Scene Builder 调用：绑定只入队的异步 Paint 目标，目标生命周期必须覆盖 Visual。 */
-    void bind_paint_target(std::shared_ptr<void> context, Enqueue_Paint enqueue);
-    /* CRTP 数据能力：从当前 Prop 构建后端字段，不访问其他缓冲角色。 */
+    bool data_changed{true};             /* 当前 Buffer 或具体 Visual 配置是否尚未 Prepare。 */
+
+    void bind_paint_target(std::shared_ptr<void> context,
+                           Enqueue_Paint enqueue);
     template <Attached Object>
     void prepare_data(Object* object);
     template <Attached Object>
     [[nodiscard]] Task_Graph build_graph(Object* object, const Prop& prop);
     template <Attached Object>
-    [[nodiscard]] bool should_render(Object* object, const State& state, bool dirty);
-    /* CRTP Prop hook：本层字段改变时标记 Prepare。 */
-    template <typename Object, typename Owner, typename Member, typename Prop_Type>
-    void after_prop_set(Object* object, Member Owner::* member, Prop_Access<Prop_Type> props);
-    [[nodiscard]] static bool valid_items(const std::vector<Item>& items);
+    [[nodiscard]] bool should_render(
+        Object* object, const typename Object::State& state, bool dirty);
+    template <typename Object, typename Owner, typename Member,
+              typename Prop_Type>
+    void after_prop_set(Object* object, Member Owner::* member,
+                        Prop_Access<Prop_Type> props);
+    template <typename Object, typename Prop_Type, typename State_Type>
+    void before_advance(Object* object, Prop_Type* pending_prop,
+                        State_Access<State_Type> pending_states,
+                        const Prop_Type* current_prop,
+                        State_Access<const State_Type> current_states);
 };
-template <typename Spec>
-bool Basic_Visual<Spec>::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
-template <typename Spec>
-bool Basic_Visual<Spec>::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
-template <typename Spec>
-bool Basic_Visual<Spec>::Private::valid_items(const std::vector<Item>& items) {
-    return std::ranges::all_of(items, [](const Item& item) {
-        return Spec::valid(item);
-    });
-}
-template <typename Spec>
-void Basic_Visual<Spec>::Private::bind_paint_target(std::shared_ptr<void> context, Enqueue_Paint enqueue) {
+
+inline void Basic_Visual::Private::bind_paint_target(
+    std::shared_ptr<void> context, Enqueue_Paint enqueue) {
     paint_target = {std::move(context), enqueue};
 }
-template <typename Spec>
+
 template <Attached Object>
-void Basic_Visual<Spec>::Private::prepare_data(Object* object) {
-    using Visual_Tag = typename Basic_Visual::Base_Tag;
-    const auto& prop = this->template read_current_prop<Visual_Tag>(object);
-    if (!valid_items(prop.items) || !detail::finite(prop.transform)) throw std::invalid_argument("3D visual property contains invalid data");
-    const auto changes = std::exchange(pending_changes, 0);
+void Basic_Visual::Private::prepare_data(Object* object) {
+    using Definition = typename Object::Attached_Object;
+    using Visual = typename Definition::Visual_Base;
+    using Visual_State = typename Visual::State;
+    using Specification = typename Visual::Specification;
+    using Frame_Tag = typename Visual::Frame_Tag;
+    const auto& common = this->template read_current_prop<Basic_Visual::Base_Tag>(
+        object);
+    const auto& prop = this->template read_current_prop<
+        typename Visual::Base_Tag>(object);
+    const auto& frame = double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::
+        current_buffer<Frame_Tag>(object);
+    if (!std::ranges::all_of(frame.items, [](const auto& item) {
+            return Specification::valid(item);
+        }) || !detail::finite(common.transform))
+        throw std::invalid_argument("3D visual property contains invalid data");
+
     auto data = prepared.data;
     auto data_revision = prepared.data_revision;
-    if ((changes & data_change) != 0 || !data) {
-        auto updated = std::make_shared<Prepared_Data>();
-        Spec::prepare(prop.items, *updated);
-        if constexpr (requires { updated->style = prop.style; }) updated->style = prop.style;
-        if constexpr (requires { updated->field_width = prop.field_width; }) {
-            updated->field_width = prop.field_width;
-            updated->field_height = prop.field_height;
+    if (std::exchange(data_changed, false) || !data) {
+        auto updated = std::make_shared<typename Specification::Prepared_Data>();
+        Specification::prepare(frame.items, *updated);
+        if constexpr (requires { updated->style = prop.style; })
+            updated->style = prop.style;
+        if constexpr (requires { updated->field_width = frame.field_width; }) {
+            updated->field_width = frame.field_width;
+            updated->field_height = frame.field_height;
         }
-        if constexpr (requires { updated->field_pixels; prop.field_pixels; }) {
-            updated->field_pixels.reserve(prop.field_pixels.size());
-            for (const auto pixel : prop.field_pixels)
+        if constexpr (requires { updated->field_pixels; frame.field_pixels; }) {
+            updated->field_pixels.reserve(frame.field_pixels.size());
+            for (const auto pixel : frame.field_pixels)
                 updated->field_pixels.push_back(
                     {pixel.red, pixel.green, pixel.blue, pixel.alpha});
             if (updated->field_width == 0 || updated->field_height == 0 ||
@@ -73,18 +85,19 @@ void Basic_Visual<Spec>::Private::prepare_data(Object* object) {
                 throw std::invalid_argument(
                     "3D image pixel count does not match field dimensions");
         }
-        if constexpr (requires { updated->field_labels = prop.field_labels; }) {
-            updated->field_labels = prop.field_labels;
+        if constexpr (requires { updated->field_labels = frame.field_labels; }) {
+            updated->field_labels = frame.field_labels;
             if (updated->field_width == 0 || updated->field_height == 0 ||
                 static_cast<std::uint64_t>(updated->field_width) *
                     updated->field_height != updated->field_labels.size())
                 throw std::invalid_argument(
                     "3D label count does not match field dimensions");
         }
-        if constexpr (requires { updated->field_depth = prop.field_depth; })
-            updated->field_depth = prop.field_depth;
+        if constexpr (requires { updated->field_depth = frame.field_depth; })
+            updated->field_depth = frame.field_depth;
         if constexpr (requires { updated->values; updated->field_depth; }) {
-            const auto expected = static_cast<std::uint64_t>(updated->field_width) *
+            const auto expected =
+                static_cast<std::uint64_t>(updated->field_width) *
                 updated->field_height * updated->field_depth;
             if (updated->field_width == 0 || updated->field_height == 0 ||
                 updated->field_depth == 0 || expected != updated->values.size())
@@ -94,51 +107,66 @@ void Basic_Visual<Spec>::Private::prepare_data(Object* object) {
         data = std::move(updated);
         data_revision = next_data_revision++;
     }
-    auto& output = prepared;
-    output = {};
-    output.transform = prop.transform;
-    output.visible = prop.visible;
-    output.depth_test = prop.depth_test;
-    output.revision = next_revision++;
-    output.data_revision = data_revision;
-    output.data = std::move(data);
-    double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::update_state<&State::item_count, &State::prepared_item_count, &State::prepared_revision>(object, [&](State_Access<typename Object::State> states) {
-        auto& state = states.template get<Visual_Tag>();
-        state.item_count = prop.items.size();
-        state.prepared_item_count = prop.items.size();
-        state.prepared_revision = output.revision;
-    });
+
+    prepared = {
+        common.transform, common.visible, common.depth_test, next_revision++,
+        data_revision, &Specification::datoviz_operations(), std::move(data)};
+    double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::template update_state<
+        &Visual_State::item_count, &Visual_State::prepared_item_count,
+        &Visual_State::prepared_revision>(
+        object, [&](State_Access<typename Object::State> states) {
+            auto& state = states.template get<typename Visual::Base_Tag>();
+            state.item_count = frame.items.size();
+            state.prepared_item_count = frame.items.size();
+            state.prepared_revision = prepared.revision;
+        });
 }
-template <typename Spec>
+
 template <Attached Object>
-Task_Graph Basic_Visual<Spec>::Private::build_graph(Object* object, const Prop&) {
+Task_Graph Basic_Visual::Private::build_graph(Object* object, const Prop&) {
     Task_Graph graph{"render_3d.visual"};
-    graph.add("prepare_and_publish", [this, object] {
-        if (double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::
-                dirty<Render_Graph_Tag>(object))
-            prepare_data(object);
-        if (auto context = paint_target.context.lock(); context && paint_target.enqueue) {
-            paint_target.enqueue(context.get(), object, prepared);
-        }
+    graph.add("prepare_and_publish", [object] {
+        auto& runtime = double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::get(object);
+        if (double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::dirty<Render_Graph_Tag>(
+                object))
+            runtime.prepare_data(object);
+        if (auto context = runtime.paint_target.context.lock();
+            context && runtime.paint_target.enqueue)
+            runtime.paint_target.enqueue(
+                context.get(), object, runtime.prepared);
     });
     return graph;
 }
-template <typename Spec>
+
 template <Attached Object>
-bool Basic_Visual<Spec>::Private::should_render(Object*, const State&, bool) {
+bool Basic_Visual::Private::should_render(
+    Object*, const typename Object::State&, bool) {
     return paint_target.enqueue != nullptr && !paint_target.context.expired();
 }
-template <typename Spec>
-template <typename Object, typename Owner, typename Member, typename Prop_Type>
-void Basic_Visual<Spec>::Private::after_prop_set(Object* object, Member Owner::* member, Prop_Access<Prop_Type>) {
-    if constexpr (std::same_as<Owner, Prop>) {
-        bool state_only{};
-        if constexpr (std::same_as<Member Owner::*, decltype(&Prop::transform)>)
-            state_only = member == &Prop::transform;
-        else if constexpr (std::same_as<Member Owner::*, decltype(&Prop::visible)>)
-            state_only = member == &Prop::visible || member == &Prop::depth_test;
-        pending_changes |= state_only ? state_change : data_change;
-        double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::mark_dirty<Render_Graph_Tag>(object);
-    }
+
+template <typename Object, typename Owner, typename Member,
+          typename Prop_Type>
+void Basic_Visual::Private::after_prop_set(
+    Object* object, Member Owner::*, Prop_Access<Prop_Type>) {
+    using Visual = typename Object::Attached_Object::Visual_Base;
+    if constexpr (std::same_as<Owner, typename Visual::Prop>)
+        data_changed = true;
+    if constexpr (std::same_as<Owner, Basic_Visual::Prop> ||
+                  std::same_as<Owner, typename Visual::Prop>)
+        double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::mark_dirty<Render_Graph_Tag>(
+            object);
 }
+
+template <typename Object, typename Prop_Type, typename State_Type>
+void Basic_Visual::Private::before_advance(
+    Object* object, Prop_Type*, State_Access<State_Type>, const Prop_Type*,
+    State_Access<const State_Type>) {
+    using Frame_Tag = typename Object::Attached_Object::Visual_Base::Frame_Tag;
+    if (double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::template pending_buffer<Frame_Tag>(
+            object) !=
+        double_buffer::detail::Internal_Access::template current_buffer<Frame_Tag>(
+            object))
+        data_changed = true;
+}
+
 }
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70bc3fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Glyph_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Glyph_Frame::operator==(const Glyph_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Glyph_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Glyph_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.hpp
index bb3627c..4341568 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Glyph {
@@ -11,7 +12,11 @@ struct Glyph {
     Coordinate_3D angle{};
     bool operator==(const Glyph&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Glyph_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Glyph_Frame {
+    std::vector<Glyph> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Glyph 集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Glyph_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Glyph_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
@@ -20,15 +25,29 @@ struct Glyph_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<std::array<float, 4>> bounds{};
     std::vector<std::array<float, 4>> texture_coordinates{};
 };
-
-struct Glyph_Spec : Visual_Spec<Glyph, Visual_Settings, Glyph_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Glyph_Spec {
+    using Item = Glyph;
+    using Prepared_Data = Glyph_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Glyph_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Glyph_Spec>;
+struct Glyph_Visual : Def<Glyph_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                          Tagged_Buffer<Glyph_Frame_Tag, Glyph_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Glyph_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Glyph_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Glyph_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Glyph_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Glyph_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.ipp
index 7b1c1cb..22536bc 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Glyph_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Glyph_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.position) && finite(item.bounds) && finite(item.texture_coordinates) && finite(item.angle);
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Glyph_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Glyph_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     reserve_position_color(output, items.size());
     output.angles.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c08526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Image_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Image_Frame::operator==(const Image_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Image_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Image_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.hpp
index 7e073ec..32a5de4 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
-struct Image_Field_Settings {
-    std::uint32_t field_width{};
-    std::uint32_t field_height{};
-    std::vector<Color> field_pixels{};
-    bool operator==(const Image_Field_Settings&) const = default;
-};
-
 struct Image {
     Vec3 position{};
     Vec2 extent{1.0F, 1.0F};
     Vec4 texture_rectangle{0.0F, 0.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F};
     bool operator==(const Image&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Image_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Image_Frame {
+    std::vector<Image> items{};        /* 本次提交的完整 Image 集合。 */
+    std::uint32_t field_width{};       /* 本帧采样场宽度，单位为像素。 */
+    std::uint32_t field_height{};      /* 本帧采样场高度，单位为像素。 */
+    std::vector<Color> field_pixels{}; /* 本帧采样场的 RGBA 像素。 */
+    bool operator==(const Image_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Image_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
@@ -26,15 +27,29 @@ struct Image_Prepared_Data {
     std::uint32_t field_width{};
     std::uint32_t field_height{};
 };
-
-struct Image_Spec : Visual_Spec<Image, Image_Field_Settings, Image_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Image_Spec {
+    using Item = Image;
+    using Prepared_Data = Image_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Image_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Image_Spec>;
+struct Image_Visual : Def<Image_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                          Tagged_Buffer<Image_Frame_Tag, Image_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Image_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Image_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Image_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Image_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Image_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.ipp
index 82edcd2..6b95d0e 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Image_Visual.ipp
@@ -6,6 +6,15 @@ inline bool Image_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
            finite(item.texture_rectangle);
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Image_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Image_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     output.positions.reserve(items.size());
     output.extents.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..374c992
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Labels_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Labels_Frame::operator==(const Labels_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Labels_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Labels_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.hpp
index c2ac661..aad306d 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,22 +1,23 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
-struct Labels_Field_Settings {
-    std::uint32_t field_width{};
-    std::uint32_t field_height{};
-    std::vector<std::int32_t> field_labels{};
-    bool operator==(const Labels_Field_Settings&) const = default;
-};
-
 struct Label {
     Vec3 position{};
     Vec2 extent{32.0F, 16.0F};
     Vec4 texture_rectangle{0.0F, 0.0F, 1.0F, 1.0F};
     bool operator==(const Label&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Labels_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Labels_Frame {
+    std::vector<Label> items{};              /* 本次提交的完整 Label 集合。 */
+    std::uint32_t field_width{};             /* 本帧标签场宽度。 */
+    std::uint32_t field_height{};            /* 本帧标签场高度。 */
+    std::vector<std::int32_t> field_labels{}; /* 本帧标签场数据。 */
+    bool operator==(const Labels_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Labels_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
@@ -26,15 +27,29 @@ struct Labels_Prepared_Data {
     std::uint32_t field_width{};
     std::uint32_t field_height{};
 };
-
-struct Labels_Spec : Visual_Spec<Label, Labels_Field_Settings, Labels_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Labels_Spec {
+    using Item = Label;
+    using Prepared_Data = Labels_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Labels_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Labels_Spec>;
+struct Labels_Visual : Def<Labels_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                           Tagged_Buffer<Labels_Frame_Tag, Labels_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Labels_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Labels_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Labels_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Labels_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Labels_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.ipp
index d32f6ac..0750b2d 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Labels_Visual.ipp
@@ -6,6 +6,15 @@ inline bool Labels_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
            finite(item.texture_rectangle);
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Labels_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Labels_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     output.positions.reserve(items.size());
     output.extents.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a31e257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Marker_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Marker_Frame::operator==(const Marker_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Marker_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Marker_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.hpp
index 2ed06d8..2226663 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 enum struct Marker_Shape : std::uint8_t { disc, square, triangle, diamond, cross };
-
 struct Marker {
     Vec3 position{};
     Color color{Color::white()};
@@ -14,7 +14,11 @@ struct Marker {
     bool coordinate_label_visible{false};
     bool operator==(const Marker&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Marker_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Marker_Frame {
+    std::vector<Marker> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Marker 集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Marker_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Marker_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
@@ -24,15 +28,29 @@ struct Marker_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<std::uint32_t> shapes{};
     std::vector<std::uint8_t> coordinate_label_visibility{};
 };
-
-struct Marker_Spec : Visual_Spec<Marker, Visual_Settings, Marker_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Marker_Spec {
+    using Item = Marker;
+    using Prepared_Data = Marker_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Marker_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Marker_Spec>;
+struct Marker_Visual : Def<Marker_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                           Tagged_Buffer<Marker_Frame_Tag, Marker_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Marker_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Marker_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Marker_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Marker_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Marker_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.ipp
index b8ee989..6409be1 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Marker_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Marker_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.position) && finite(item.diameter_px) && item.diameter_px > 0.0F && finite(item.angle);
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Marker_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Marker_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     reserve_position_color(output, items.size());
     output.diameters.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af01670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Mesh_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Mesh_Frame::operator==(const Mesh_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Mesh_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Mesh_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.hpp
index fe845c4..eed5f48 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Mesh_Vertex {
@@ -10,7 +11,11 @@ struct Mesh_Vertex {
     Vec2 texture_coordinate{};
     bool operator==(const Mesh_Vertex&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Mesh_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Mesh_Frame {
+    std::vector<Mesh_Vertex> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Mesh 顶点集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Mesh_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Mesh_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
@@ -18,15 +23,29 @@ struct Mesh_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> normals{};
     std::vector<std::array<float, 2>> texture_coordinates{};
 };
-
-struct Mesh_Spec : Visual_Spec<Mesh_Vertex, Visual_Settings, Mesh_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Mesh_Spec {
+    using Item = Mesh_Vertex;
+    using Prepared_Data = Mesh_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Mesh_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Mesh_Spec>;
+struct Mesh_Visual : Def<Mesh_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                         Tagged_Buffer<Mesh_Frame_Tag, Mesh_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Mesh_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Mesh_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Mesh_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Mesh_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Mesh_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.ipp
index 1364c00..3f423dd 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Mesh_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Mesh_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.position) && finite(item.normal) && finite(item.texture_coordinate);
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Mesh_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Mesh_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     reserve_position_color(output, items.size());
     output.normals.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64b6b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Path_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Path_Frame::operator==(const Path_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Path_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Path_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.hpp
index 76a4ab8..53a840e 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Path_Vertex {
@@ -9,22 +10,40 @@ struct Path_Vertex {
     Pixel_Distance width_px{1.0F};
     bool operator==(const Path_Vertex&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Path_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Path_Frame {
+    std::vector<Path_Vertex> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整路径顶点集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Path_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Path_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
     std::vector<Prepared_Color> colors{};
     std::vector<float> widths{};
 };
-
-struct Path_Spec : Visual_Spec<Path_Vertex, Visual_Settings, Path_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Path_Spec {
+    using Item = Path_Vertex;
+    using Prepared_Data = Path_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Path_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Path_Spec>;
+struct Path_Visual : Def<Path_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                         Tagged_Buffer<Path_Frame_Tag, Path_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Path_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Path_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Path_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Path_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Path_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.ipp
index f61b405..c529dde 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Path_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Path_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.position) && finite(item.width_px) && item.width_px > 0.0F;
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Path_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Path_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     reserve_position_color(output, items.size());
     output.widths.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5887c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Pixel_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Pixel_Frame::operator==(const Pixel_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Pixel_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Pixel_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.hpp
index 71f5ffa..c22f50f 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Pixel {
@@ -9,22 +10,40 @@ struct Pixel {
     Pixel_Distance size_px{1.0F};
     bool operator==(const Pixel&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Pixel_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Pixel_Frame {
+    std::vector<Pixel> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Pixel 集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Pixel_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Pixel_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
     std::vector<Prepared_Color> colors{};
     std::vector<float> sizes{};
 };
-
-struct Pixel_Spec : Visual_Spec<Pixel, Visual_Settings, Pixel_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Pixel_Spec {
+    using Item = Pixel;
+    using Prepared_Data = Pixel_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Pixel_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Pixel_Spec>;
+struct Pixel_Visual : Def<Pixel_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                          Tagged_Buffer<Pixel_Frame_Tag, Pixel_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Pixel_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Pixel_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Pixel_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Pixel_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Pixel_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.ipp
index a36792d..9a2564c 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Pixel_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Pixel_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.position) && finite(item.size_px) && item.size_px > 0.0F;
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Pixel_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Pixel_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     reserve_position_color(output, items.size());
     output.sizes.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cc1627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Point_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Point_Frame::operator==(const Point_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Point_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Point_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.hpp
index 6acdd80..b1f7d67 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,45 +1,60 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 enum struct Point_Aspect : std::uint8_t { filled, stroke, outline };
-
 struct Point_Style {
     Color edge_color{Color::black()};
     Pixel_Distance stroke_width_px{};
     Point_Aspect aspect{Point_Aspect::filled};
     bool operator==(const Point_Style&) const = default;
 };
-
 struct Point {
     Vec3 position{};
     Color color{Color::white()};
     Pixel_Distance diameter_px{8.0F};
     bool operator==(const Point&) const = default;
 };
-
-namespace detail {
-struct Point_Settings : Visual_Settings {
-    Point_Style style{};
-    bool operator==(const Point_Settings&) const = default;
+struct Point_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Point_Frame {
+    std::vector<Point> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Point 集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Point_Frame&) const;
 };
-
+namespace detail {
 struct Point_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
     std::vector<Prepared_Color> colors{};
     std::vector<float> diameters{};
     Point_Style style{};
 };
-
-struct Point_Spec : Visual_Spec<Point, Point_Settings, Point_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Point_Spec {
+    using Item = Point;
+    using Prepared_Data = Point_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Point_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Point_Spec>;
+struct Point_Visual : Def<Point_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                          Tagged_Buffer<Point_Frame_Tag, Point_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Point_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Point_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Point_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Point_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop {
+        Point_Style style{}; /* 当前 Point Visual 的统一描边样式。 */
+        bool operator==(const Prop&) const;
+    };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Point_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.ipp
index d8314b2..bbd6af4 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Point_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Point_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.position) && finite(item.diameter_px) && item.diameter_px > 0.0F;
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Point_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Point_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     reserve_position_color(output, items.size());
     output.diameters.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Prepared_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Prepared_Visual.hpp
index af4a2ff..a27dc11 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Prepared_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Prepared_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,18 +1,24 @@
 #pragma once
+
 #include "../base/Types.hpp"
 #include <memory>
+
 namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
+struct Datoviz_Visual_Operations;
+
 using Prepared_Position = std::array<float, 3>;
 using Prepared_Color = std::array<std::uint8_t, 4>;
 
-/* 每个 Visual 的 Private 只保存自己 Spec::Prepared_Data 的强类型结果。 */
-template <typename Data>
-struct Prepared_Visual_For {
+/* Scene 与具体 Visual 之间唯一的不可变提交信封。 */
+struct Prepared_Visual {
     Matrix4 transform{};
     bool visible{true};
     bool depth_test{true};
     std::uint64_t revision{};
     std::uint64_t data_revision{};
-    std::shared_ptr<const Data> data{};
+    const Datoviz_Visual_Operations* operations{}; /* 可空借用；尚未发布时为空。 */
+    std::shared_ptr<const void> data{};             /* 具体 Prepared_Data 的只读所有权。 */
 };
+
 }
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..064036c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Primitive_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Primitive_Frame::operator==(const Primitive_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Primitive_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Primitive_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.hpp
index 904813a..706b7c7 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Primitive_Vertex {
@@ -9,22 +10,40 @@ struct Primitive_Vertex {
     Vec3 normal{};
     bool operator==(const Primitive_Vertex&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Primitive_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Primitive_Frame {
+    std::vector<Primitive_Vertex> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Primitive 顶点集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Primitive_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Primitive_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
     std::vector<Prepared_Color> colors{};
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> normals{};
 };
-
-struct Primitive_Spec : Visual_Spec<Primitive_Vertex, Visual_Settings, Primitive_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Primitive_Spec {
+    using Item = Primitive_Vertex;
+    using Prepared_Data = Primitive_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Primitive_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Primitive_Spec>;
+struct Primitive_Visual : Def<Primitive_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                              Tagged_Buffer<Primitive_Frame_Tag, Primitive_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Primitive_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Primitive_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Primitive_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Primitive_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Primitive_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.ipp
index 8ba2775..871c064 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Primitive_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Primitive_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.position) && finite(item.normal);
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Primitive_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Primitive_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     reserve_position_color(output, items.size());
     output.normals.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7b676c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Segment_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Segment_Frame::operator==(const Segment_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Segment_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Segment_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.hpp
index 67c56dd..9696f2d 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Segment {
@@ -10,7 +11,11 @@ struct Segment {
     Pixel_Distance width_px{1.0F};
     bool operator==(const Segment&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Segment_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Segment_Frame {
+    std::vector<Segment> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Segment 集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Segment_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Segment_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> starts{};
@@ -18,15 +23,29 @@ struct Segment_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Color> colors{};
     std::vector<float> widths{};
 };
-
-struct Segment_Spec : Visual_Spec<Segment, Visual_Settings, Segment_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Segment_Spec {
+    using Item = Segment;
+    using Prepared_Data = Segment_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Segment_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Segment_Spec>;
+struct Segment_Visual : Def<Segment_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                            Tagged_Buffer<Segment_Frame_Tag, Segment_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Segment_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Segment_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Segment_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Segment_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Segment_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.ipp
index fe5d7df..6cce3f2 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Segment_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Segment_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.start) && finite(item.end) && finite(item.width_px) && item.width_px > 0.0F;
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Segment_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Segment_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     output.starts.reserve(items.size());
     output.ends.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c227b1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Sphere_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Sphere_Frame::operator==(const Sphere_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Sphere_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Sphere_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.hpp
index cf0cbc6..d72e2b1 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Sphere {
@@ -9,22 +10,40 @@ struct Sphere {
     Coordinate_3D radius{0.1F};
     bool operator==(const Sphere&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Sphere_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Sphere_Frame {
+    std::vector<Sphere> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Sphere 集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Sphere_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Sphere_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> centers{};
     std::vector<Prepared_Color> colors{};
     std::vector<float> radii{};
 };
-
-struct Sphere_Spec : Visual_Spec<Sphere, Visual_Settings, Sphere_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Sphere_Spec {
+    using Item = Sphere;
+    using Prepared_Data = Sphere_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Sphere_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Sphere_Spec>;
+struct Sphere_Visual : Def<Sphere_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                           Tagged_Buffer<Sphere_Frame_Tag, Sphere_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Sphere_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Sphere_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Sphere_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Sphere_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Sphere_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.ipp
index c9ca12c..cc6211d 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Sphere_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Sphere_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.center) && finite(item.radius) && item.radius > 0.0F;
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Sphere_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Sphere_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     output.centers.reserve(items.size());
     output.colors.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae0154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Splat_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Splat_Frame::operator==(const Splat_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Splat_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Splat_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.hpp
index c2adbc1..ff45483 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Splat {
@@ -10,7 +11,11 @@ struct Splat {
     Coordinate_3D angle{};
     bool operator==(const Splat&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Splat_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Splat_Frame {
+    std::vector<Splat> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Splat 集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Splat_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Splat_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
@@ -18,15 +23,29 @@ struct Splat_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<std::array<float, 2>> sigmas{};
     std::vector<float> angles{};
 };
-
-struct Splat_Spec : Visual_Spec<Splat, Visual_Settings, Splat_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Splat_Spec {
+    using Item = Splat;
+    using Prepared_Data = Splat_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Splat_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Splat_Spec>;
+struct Splat_Visual : Def<Splat_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                          Tagged_Buffer<Splat_Frame_Tag, Splat_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Splat_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Splat_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Splat_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Splat_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Splat_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.ipp
index ea8c20e..ddf24ec 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Splat_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Splat_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.position) && finite(item.sigma) && item.sigma.x > 0.0F && item.sigma.y > 0.0F && finite(item.angle);
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Splat_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Splat_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     reserve_position_color(output, items.size());
     output.sigmas.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c288e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Text_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Text_Frame::operator==(const Text_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Text_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Text_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.hpp
index bf300f0..3385f0e 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Text_Label {
@@ -10,7 +12,11 @@ struct Text_Label {
     Pixel_Distance size_px{18.0F};
     bool operator==(const Text_Label&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Text_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Text_Frame {
+    std::vector<Text_Label> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Text 集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Text_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Text_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> positions{};
@@ -18,15 +24,29 @@ struct Text_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<float> sizes{};
     std::vector<std::string> strings{};
 };
-
-struct Text_Spec : Visual_Spec<Text_Label, Visual_Settings, Text_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Text_Spec {
+    using Item = Text_Label;
+    using Prepared_Data = Text_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Text_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Text_Spec>;
+struct Text_Visual : Def<Text_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                         Tagged_Buffer<Text_Frame_Tag, Text_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Text_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Text_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Text_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Text_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Text_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.ipp
index 9645235..ca998ea 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Text_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Text_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.position) && !item.text.empty() && finite(item.size_px) && item.size_px > 0.0F;
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Text_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Text_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     reserve_position_color(output, items.size());
     output.sizes.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe8b1c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Vector_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Vector_Frame::operator==(const Vector_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Vector_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Vector_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.hpp
index 12b609c..1aa4872 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 struct Vector_Glyph {
@@ -10,7 +11,11 @@ struct Vector_Glyph {
     Pixel_Distance width_px{1.0F};
     bool operator==(const Vector_Glyph&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Vector_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Vector_Frame {
+    std::vector<Vector_Glyph> items{}; /* 本次提交的完整 Vector 集合。 */
+    bool operator==(const Vector_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Vector_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Position> origins{};
@@ -18,15 +23,29 @@ struct Vector_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<Prepared_Color> colors{};
     std::vector<float> widths{};
 };
-
-struct Vector_Spec : Visual_Spec<Vector_Glyph, Visual_Settings, Vector_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Vector_Spec {
+    using Item = Vector_Glyph;
+    using Prepared_Data = Vector_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Vector_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Vector_Spec>;
+struct Vector_Visual : Def<Vector_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                           Tagged_Buffer<Vector_Frame_Tag, Vector_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Vector_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Vector_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Vector_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Vector_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Vector_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.ipp
index 71ffb1f..c96d666 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Vector_Visual.ipp
@@ -7,6 +7,15 @@ inline bool Vector_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.origin) && finite(item.direction) && finite(item.width_px) && item.width_px > 0.0F;
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Vector_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Vector_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     output.origins.reserve(items.size());
     output.directions.reserve(items.size());
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Visual_Spec.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Visual_Spec.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bd01254..0000000
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Visual_Spec.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
-
-namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
-struct Datoviz_Visual_Operations;
-
-template <typename Item_Type, typename Settings_Type, typename Prepared_Type>
-struct Visual_Spec {
-    using Item = Item_Type;
-    using Settings = Settings_Type;
-    using Prepared_Data = Prepared_Type;
-};
-}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.cpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..381e9a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#include "Volume_Visual.hpp"
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+bool Volume_Frame::operator==(const Volume_Frame&) const = default;
+bool Volume_Visual::Prop::operator==(const Prop&) const = default;
+bool Volume_Visual::State::operator==(const State&) const = default;
+}
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.hpp
index 24b4207..7c5c350 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.hpp
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include "Visual_Spec.hpp"
+#include "Basic_Visual.hpp"
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
-struct Volume_Field_Settings {
-    std::uint32_t field_width{};
-    std::uint32_t field_height{};
-    std::uint32_t field_depth{};
-    bool operator==(const Volume_Field_Settings&) const = default;
-};
-
 struct Voxel {
     Coordinate_3D value{};
     bool operator==(const Voxel&) const = default;
 };
-
+struct Volume_Frame_Tag {};
+struct Volume_Frame {
+    std::vector<Voxel> items{};   /* 本次提交的完整体素集合。 */
+    std::uint32_t field_width{};  /* 本帧体素场宽度。 */
+    std::uint32_t field_height{}; /* 本帧体素场高度。 */
+    std::uint32_t field_depth{};  /* 本帧体素场深度。 */
+    bool operator==(const Volume_Frame&) const;
+};
 namespace detail {
 struct Volume_Prepared_Data {
     std::vector<float> values{};
@@ -22,15 +23,29 @@ struct Volume_Prepared_Data {
     std::uint32_t field_height{};
     std::uint32_t field_depth{};
 };
-
-struct Volume_Spec : Visual_Spec<Voxel, Volume_Field_Settings, Volume_Prepared_Data> {
+struct Volume_Spec {
+    using Item = Voxel;
+    using Prepared_Data = Volume_Prepared_Data;
     [[nodiscard]] static const Datoviz_Visual_Operations& datoviz_operations();
     [[nodiscard]] static bool valid(const Item&) noexcept;
     static void prepare(const std::vector<Item>&, Prepared_Data&);
 };
 }
-
-using Volume_Visual = Basic_Visual<detail::Volume_Spec>;
+struct Volume_Visual : Def<Volume_Visual, Basic_Visual,
+                           Tagged_Buffer<Volume_Frame_Tag, Volume_Frame>> {
+    using Visual_Base = Volume_Visual;
+    using Frame_Tag = Volume_Frame_Tag;
+    using Frame = Volume_Frame;
+    using Specification = detail::Volume_Spec;
+    using Item = typename Specification::Item;
+    struct Prop : Prev_Prop { bool operator==(const Prop&) const; };
+    struct State : Prev_State {
+        std::size_t item_count{};          /* 最近一次发布的输入项数。 */
+        std::size_t prepared_item_count{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的后端项数。 */
+        std::uint64_t prepared_revision{}; /* 最近一次 Prepare 的提交版本。 */
+        bool operator==(const State&) const;
+    };
+    struct Private;
+};
 }
-
 #include "Volume_Visual.ipp"
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.ipp
index 4b6b562..59b38ce 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/Volume_Visual.ipp
@@ -5,6 +5,15 @@ inline bool Volume_Spec::valid(const Item& item) noexcept {
     return finite(item.value);
 }
 
+} // namespace aethera::render_3d::detail
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d {
+/* 具体 Visual 复用 Basic_Visual 的 Prepare、发布及缓冲推进钩子。 */
+struct Volume_Visual::Private : Prev_Private {};
+}
+
+namespace aethera::render_3d::detail {
+
 inline void Volume_Spec::prepare(const std::vector<Item>& items, Prepared_Data& output) {
     output.values.reserve(items.size());
     for (const auto& item : items) {
diff --git a/render_3D/tests/Visual_Tests.cpp b/render_3D/tests/Visual_Tests.cpp
index 275019e..9c685bb 100644
--- a/render_3D/tests/Visual_Tests.cpp
+++ b/render_3D/tests/Visual_Tests.cpp
@@ -9,9 +9,11 @@ void verify_visual(Item valid, Item) {
     auto built = typename Object::template Builder<Object>{}.build();
     ASSERT_TRUE(built.has_value());
     auto object = std::move(built).value();
-    object->template set<&Visual::Prop::items>(std::vector<Item>{valid});
+    object->template pending_buffer<typename Visual::Frame_Tag>().items =
+        std::vector<Item>{valid};
     object->advance();
-    EXPECT_EQ(object->template read_prop<typename Visual::Base_Tag>().items.size(), 1U);
+    EXPECT_EQ(object->template current_buffer<typename Visual::Frame_Tag>()
+                  .items.size(), 1U);
 }
 }
 TEST(Render_3D_Visual, Migrated_Families_Build_And_Validate) {