diff --git a/kernel/kernel/include/model/attachment/dag/Dag_Relation.hpp b/kernel/kernel/include/model/attachment/dag/Dag_Relation.hpp
index c21fb8a..5bcf622 100644
--- a/kernel/kernel/include/model/attachment/dag/Dag_Relation.hpp
+++ b/kernel/kernel/include/model/attachment/dag/Dag_Relation.hpp
@@ -8,6 +8,18 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <proxy/proxy.h>
 namespace aethera {
+namespace detail {
+template <typename Tag, typename Endpoint, typename = void>
+struct Dag_Node_Facade {
+    using Type = Tag;
+};
+
+template <typename Tag, typename Endpoint>
+struct Dag_Node_Facade<Tag, Endpoint, std::void_t<typename Tag::template Relation_Node_Facade<Endpoint>>> {
+    using Type = typename Tag::template Relation_Node_Facade<Endpoint>;
+};
+} // namespace detail
+
 struct Dag_Node_Id {
     std::uint64_t value{}; /* 一张 DAG 内的稳定节点标识；0 表示未分配。 */
 };
@@ -25,6 +37,7 @@ enum struct Dag_Result : std::uint8_t {
 /* 拥有节点 proxy 和实例级依赖边的完整 DAG 定义；proxy 的实际持有对象由使用方决定。 */
 template <typename Node_Facade>
 struct Dag_Relation {
+    using Node = Node_Facade;
     struct Builder;
     struct Editor;
     Dag_Relation();
@@ -82,8 +95,8 @@ struct Dag_Relation<Node_Facade>::Editor {
 /* Model 可注册的拥有型 DAG 关系；内部 commit 在所有者安全点验证并提交待处理事务。 */
 template <typename Node_Facade>
 struct Owned_Dag_Relation : detail::Relation_Definition<Owned_Dag_Relation<Node_Facade>, Node_Facade> {
-    template <typename, typename Tag>
-    using Attachment = Owned_Dag_Relation<Tag>;
+    template <typename Endpoint, typename Tag>
+    using Attachment = Owned_Dag_Relation<typename detail::Dag_Node_Facade<Tag, Endpoint>::Type>;
     using Graph           = Dag_Relation<Node_Facade>;
     using Edit            = std::move_only_function<void(typename Graph::Editor&)>;
     using Edit_Completion = std::move_only_function<void(std::expected<void, Dag_Result>)>;
diff --git a/kernel/kernel/include/model/attachment/design.md b/kernel/kernel/include/model/attachment/design.md
index 056f0a4..86347a1 100644
--- a/kernel/kernel/include/model/attachment/design.md
+++ b/kernel/kernel/include/model/attachment/design.md
@@ -24,6 +24,6 @@ Model 的可组合能力统一分为两层：
 
 ## 关系附件契约
 
-关系附件必须提供权威 `Graph`、事务 `Edit`、事务完成回调，以及内部 `relation()`、`commit()`、`build(...)`。`Owned_Dag_Relation<Node_Facade>` 自身是一段式定义和实际附件，向最终 endpoint 选择性附加实体 `edit<Tag>`、Builder `relation<Tag>` 和 Private `relation<Tag>/commit<Tag>`。
+关系附件必须提供权威 `Graph`、事务 `Edit`、事务完成回调，以及内部 `relation()`、`commit()`、`build(...)`。`Owned_Dag_Relation<Tag>` 自身是一段式定义和实际附件，向最终 endpoint 选择性附加实体 `edit<Tag>`、Builder `relation<Tag>` 和 Private `relation<Tag>/commit<Tag>`。Tag 默认同时是节点 facade；Tag 可以用 `Relation_Node_Facade<Endpoint>` 为最终 endpoint 选择更窄的依赖 facade，但关系仍由原 Tag 唯一标识，禁止派生层再注册第二张同语义关系图。
 
 `Dag_Relation::Builder` 在构建期验证完整关系；`Dag_Relation::Editor` 只记录单次事务命令；`Owned_Dag_Relation` 由关系所有者在安全点验证并提交。编辑 completion 在调用 `commit()` 的内部线程执行，不是跨线程异常传播边界。
diff --git a/kernel/kernel/include/model/design.md b/kernel/kernel/include/model/design.md
index 93147ed..e55b30e 100644
--- a/kernel/kernel/include/model/design.md
+++ b/kernel/kernel/include/model/design.md
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ Root 的类型擦除 state 操作表保存一份 Private 与附件解析器，De
 分别承载独占、共享和非拥有生命周期，同时把 proxy 解引用目标映射到 Model 的唯一 Private；实体公开类不实现 facade 值转发。
 
 具体类型自身就是一段式附件定义。例如，并发结构使用 `Import_Struct_Concurrent<Tags...>`，拥有型 DAG 使用
-`Owned_Dag_Relation<Node_Facade>`。业务定义不再套额外的二段式注册包装。一个并发定义可连续绑定多个
+`Owned_Dag_Relation<Tag>`。Tag 默认也作为节点 facade；如果 Tag 定义 `Relation_Node_Facade<Endpoint>`，则最终 endpoint 只物化一份关系状态，并按最终类型选择节点 facade。业务定义不再套额外的二段式注册包装。一个并发定义可连续绑定多个
 Tag；它继承 `Concurrent_Definition<Self, Tags...>`，并在内部直接定义最终 endpoint 所物化的 `Attachment<Endpoint, Tag>`。Builder
 和实体只写 Tag，例如 `set<Prop_Tag>(...)`；具体附件及其存储值由该定义和最终 endpoint 唯一确定。
diff --git a/kernel/kernel/module/scene/rely_facade.h b/kernel/kernel/module/scene/rely_facade.h
index a50dd70..4683c09 100644
--- a/kernel/kernel/module/scene/rely_facade.h
+++ b/kernel/kernel/module/scene/rely_facade.h
@@ -12,5 +12,8 @@ struct Renderable : facade_builder
 ::add_convention<_event_routing_distance, std::optional<double>(const Event&) const noexcept>
 ::add_convention<_dispatch_event, void(Event &)>
 ::support_relocation<pro::constraint_level::nothrow>
-::build {};
+::build {
+    template <typename Endpoint>
+    using Relation_Node_Facade = typename Endpoint::Scene_Renderable_Facade;
+};
 } // namespace aethera::scene
diff --git a/kernel/kernel/module/scene/src/Scene.cpp b/kernel/kernel/module/scene/src/Scene.cpp
index dcd9888..31861b7 100644
--- a/kernel/kernel/module/scene/src/Scene.cpp
+++ b/kernel/kernel/module/scene/src/Scene.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ void Scene::Private::advance_renderables() {
         renderable->advance();
     });
 }
-
 scene::Submit_Event_Result Scene::Private::submit_event(std::unique_ptr<Event> event) {
     if (!event) return scene::Submit_Event_Result::event_missing;
     event_collector.submit(std::move(event));
diff --git a/kernel/kernel/module/scene/src/Scene.hpp b/kernel/kernel/module/scene/src/Scene.hpp
index e51f72e..adc7c11 100644
--- a/kernel/kernel/module/scene/src/Scene.hpp
+++ b/kernel/kernel/module/scene/src/Scene.hpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 namespace aethera {
 /* Scene 通过 Tag + Owned_Dag_Relation 在类型系统中表达其对 Renderable DAG 的唯一所有权。 */
 struct Scene : Def<Scene, Root, Owned_Dag_Relation<scene::Renderable>> {
+    using Scene_Renderable_Facade = scene::Renderable;
     struct Private;
     Scene();
     ~Scene() noexcept;
diff --git a/kernel/kernel/test/model/attachment/dag/Dag_Relation_Tests.cpp b/kernel/kernel/test/model/attachment/dag/Dag_Relation_Tests.cpp
index cf5b486..27d5c82 100644
--- a/kernel/kernel/test/model/attachment/dag/Dag_Relation_Tests.cpp
+++ b/kernel/kernel/test/model/attachment/dag/Dag_Relation_Tests.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "model/attachment/dag/Dag_Relation.hpp"
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <optional>
+#include <type_traits>
 namespace {
 struct Test_Relation_Node : aethera::facade_builder
 ::support_relocation<pro::constraint_level::nothrow>
@@ -9,6 +10,23 @@ struct Test_Relation_Node : aethera::facade_builder
 struct Test_Relation_Model : aethera::Def<Test_Relation_Model, aethera::Root, aethera::Owned_Dag_Relation<Test_Relation_Node>> {
     struct Private : Prev_Private {};
 };
+struct Test_Adaptive_Relation_Tag : aethera::facade_builder
+::support_relocation<pro::constraint_level::nothrow>
+::build {
+    template <typename Endpoint>
+    using Relation_Node_Facade = typename Endpoint::Selected_Relation_Node_Facade;
+};
+struct Test_Narrow_Relation_Node : aethera::facade_builder
+::support_relocation<pro::constraint_level::nothrow>
+::build {};
+struct Test_Adaptive_Relation_Base : aethera::Def<Test_Adaptive_Relation_Base, aethera::Root, aethera::Owned_Dag_Relation<Test_Adaptive_Relation_Tag>> {
+    using Selected_Relation_Node_Facade = Test_Adaptive_Relation_Tag;
+    struct Private : Prev_Private {};
+};
+struct Test_Adaptive_Relation_Model : aethera::Def<Test_Adaptive_Relation_Model, Test_Adaptive_Relation_Base> {
+    using Selected_Relation_Node_Facade = Test_Narrow_Relation_Node;
+    struct Private : Prev_Private {};
+};
 template <typename Model>
 concept Exposes_Concurrent_Model_API = requires(Model& model) { model.template set<Test_Relation_Node>(0); };
 template <typename Builder>
@@ -19,6 +37,7 @@ static_assert(std::same_as<aethera::detail::Materialized_Model_Attachment<Test_R
 static_assert(aethera::detail::Relation_Model_Tag<Test_Relation_Node, Test_Relation_Model>);
 static_assert(!Exposes_Concurrent_Model_API<Test_Relation_Model>);
 static_assert(!Exposes_Concurrent_Builder_API<Test_Relation_Model::Builder>);
+static_assert(std::same_as<aethera::detail::Materialized_Model_Attachment<Test_Adaptive_Relation_Tag, Test_Adaptive_Relation_Model>, aethera::Owned_Dag_Relation<Test_Narrow_Relation_Node>>);
 TEST(Dag_Relation, Registration_Composes_Only_Relation_APIs) {
     bool initialized{};
     Test_Relation_Model::Builder builder;
@@ -42,4 +61,16 @@ TEST(Dag_Relation, Registration_Composes_Only_Relation_APIs) {
     aethera::detail::model_private(*model).relation<Test_Relation_Node>().for_each_topological([&](auto, auto&) { ++nodes; });
     EXPECT_EQ(nodes, 0);
 }
+TEST(Dag_Relation, Inherited_Tag_Selects_Final_Endpoint_Node_Facade_Without_Second_Relation) {
+    bool selected{};
+    Test_Adaptive_Relation_Model::Builder builder;
+    builder
+    .relation<Test_Adaptive_Relation_Tag>([&](auto& relation) {
+        static_assert(std::same_as<typename std::remove_reference_t<decltype(relation)>::Node, Test_Narrow_Relation_Node>);
+        selected = true;
+    });
+    auto model = builder.build();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(model);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(selected);
+}
 } // namespace
diff --git a/kernel/使用规范.md b/kernel/使用规范.md
index dfd6798..e6bfe7c 100644
--- a/kernel/使用规范.md
+++ b/kernel/使用规范.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 - 每个 Model 定义层的 `Prop`、`State` 等值类型必须定义在所属类内并继承 `Prev<Tag>`，使同一 Tag 的值结构沿 Model 层级形成继承链。
 - 每层统一使用 `Def<当前层, Base, Definitions...>`；中间类是普通类，不需要模板化，也不区分末尾层。
-- 一段式附件定义写在所属 `Def` 的模板参数上。并发结构直接使用 `Import_Struct_Concurrent<Tags...>` 等具体类型，关系结构直接使用 `Owned_Dag_Relation<Node_Facade>`。
+- 一段式附件定义写在所属 `Def` 的模板参数上。并发结构直接使用 `Import_Struct_Concurrent<Tags...>` 等具体类型，关系结构直接使用 `Owned_Dag_Relation<Tag>`。Tag 默认同时是节点 facade；需要让派生 endpoint 使用模块专用 facade 时，由 Tag 的 `Relation_Node_Facade<Endpoint>` 选择实际节点 facade，派生层不得重复注册同一语义的关系状态。
 - 同一个注册组可以连续登记多个 Tag；相同 Tag 在完整继承链只能注册一次。
 - 每个具体附件类型同时声明 Tag、能力来源和实际 `Attachment<Endpoint, Tag>`。完整附件项链按 Builder 正在构建的最终 endpoint 求值，并由公共 `Root` 一次物化唯一的 `Private + Model_Attachment_Set`。
 - Builder 只拥有一个最终 endpoint 对象槽；被继承的 Def 层不得创建自己的 endpoint state、对象副本、附件或 Private 指针。Private 解析器只随 Root 的唯一类型擦除 state 保存一份，定义层通过零状态 `model_private(model)` 选择自身的类型化视图。
diff --git a/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_2D.cpp b/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_2D.cpp
index 352dc6b..1df5e45 100644
--- a/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_2D.cpp
+++ b/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_2D.cpp
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@ std::unique_ptr<Scene_2D> make_scene_2d(Size canvas, std::optional<std::pair<Dag
     .set<Prop_Tag>(&Render_Scene_2D::Prop::viewport, canvas)
     .set<Prop_Tag>(&Render_Scene_2D::Prop::background, Color{7, 13, 24, 255})
     .set<Prop_Tag>(&Render_Scene_2D::Prop::view_active, true)
-    .relation<render_2d::scene::Renderable>([graph = std::move(*graph)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(graph); });
+    .relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>([graph = std::move(*graph)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(graph); });
     return scene_builder.build();
 }
 }
diff --git a/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_3D.cpp b/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_3D.cpp
index a892ae4..9e5ec0d 100644
--- a/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_3D.cpp
+++ b/mcp/core/runtime/Gallery_Plots_3D.cpp
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ Gallery_Build make_visual_plot(std::string label, std::unique_ptr<Definition> vi
     .set<Prop_Tag>(&Render_Scene_3D::Prop::viewport, Extent{720, 420})
     .set<Prop_Tag>(&Render_Scene_3D::Prop::clear_color, Linear_Color{0.018F, 0.027F, 0.047F, 1.0F})
     .set<Prop_Tag>(&Render_Scene_3D::Prop::view_active, true)
-    .relation<render_3d::scene::Renderable>([graph = std::move(*graph)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(graph); });
+    .relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>([graph = std::move(*graph)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(graph); });
     auto scene = scene_builder.build();
     auto view = std::make_unique<Visual_Gallery_Component<Visual_Object, Data_Generator>>(
         *scene, std::move(camera), std::move(axes), std::move(visual),
diff --git a/render_2D/render_2D/module/scene/Render_Scene_2D.cpp b/render_2D/render_2D/module/scene/Render_Scene_2D.cpp
index 04cb54d..81e416a 100644
--- a/render_2D/render_2D/module/scene/Render_Scene_2D.cpp
+++ b/render_2D/render_2D/module/scene/Render_Scene_2D.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Render_Scene_2D::Render_Scene_2D()           = default;
 Render_Scene_2D::~Render_Scene_2D() noexcept = default;
 
 Render_Scene_2D::Private::Build_Result Render_Scene_2D::Private::build_frame(Blend2D_Cache& target, Size viewport, Color background) {
-    auto& renderables = relation<scene::Renderable>();
+    auto& renderables = relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
     renderables.for_each_topological([&](Dag_Node_Id, proxy<scene::Renderable>& renderable) {
         renderable->render(target);
     });
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ Render_Scene_2D::Private::Build_Result Render_Scene_2D::Private::build_frame(Ble
 }
 
 void Render_Scene_2D::Private::dispatch_events(Event_Batch& events) {
-    auto& renderables = relation<scene::Renderable>();
+    auto& renderables = relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
     aethera::detail::dispatch_scene_events<scene::Renderable>(events, renderables);
 }
 
@@ -65,7 +65,11 @@ Render_Scene_2D_Result Render_Scene_2D::Private::render(Frame_2D* frame, Complet
     if (!completion) return std::unexpected(Render_Scene_2D_Error{Render_Scene_2D_State_Result::completion_missing});
     auto properties = concurrent<Prop_Tag>();
     properties.internal.advance();
-    advance_renderables();
+    commit<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
+    auto& renderables = relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
+    renderables.for_each_topological([](Dag_Node_Id, proxy<scene::Renderable>& renderable) {
+        renderable->advance();
+    });
     const Prop& current = *properties.internal.use();
     if (!current.view_active) return std::unexpected(Render_Scene_2D_Error{Render_Scene_2D_State_Result::view_inactive});
     if (current.viewport.empty()) return std::unexpected(Render_Scene_2D_Error{Render_Scene_2D_State_Result::empty_viewport});
diff --git a/render_2D/render_2D/module/scene/Render_Scene_2D.hpp b/render_2D/render_2D/module/scene/Render_Scene_2D.hpp
index c2bf5ba..09200b2 100644
--- a/render_2D/render_2D/module/scene/Render_Scene_2D.hpp
+++ b/render_2D/render_2D/module/scene/Render_Scene_2D.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 #include "scene/src/Scene.hpp"
 namespace aethera::render_2d {
 /* 执行二维 Renderable DAG 并向调用方拥有的物理帧合成像素。 */
-struct Render_Scene_2D : Def<Render_Scene_2D, Scene, Dirty_Import_Struct_Concurrent<Prop_Tag>, Owned_Dag_Relation<scene::Renderable>> {
+struct Render_Scene_2D : Def<Render_Scene_2D, Scene, Dirty_Import_Struct_Concurrent<Prop_Tag>> {
+    using Scene_Renderable_Facade = scene::Renderable;
     struct Prop : Prev<Prop_Tag> {
         Size  viewport{};                 /* 最终帧像素尺寸；空尺寸不提交渲染。 */
         Color background{Color::black()}; /* 每帧绘制 Renderable 前写入的背景颜色。 */
diff --git a/render_2D/tests/Async_Render_Contract_Test.cpp b/render_2D/tests/Async_Render_Contract_Test.cpp
index c885668..e3c820b 100644
--- a/render_2D/tests/Async_Render_Contract_Test.cpp
+++ b/render_2D/tests/Async_Render_Contract_Test.cpp
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int main() {
     .set<Prop_Tag>(&Render_Scene_2D::Prop::viewport, Size{120, 100})
     .set<Prop_Tag>(&Render_Scene_2D::Prop::background, Color::transparent())
     .set<Prop_Tag>(&Render_Scene_2D::Prop::view_active, true)
-    .relation<aethera::render_2d::scene::Renderable>([graph = std::move(*dag)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(graph); });
+    .relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>([graph = std::move(*dag)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(graph); });
     auto* scene = scene_builder.build().release(); /* completion 前保持存活；随后随进程退出回收。 */
     auto* frame = new Frame_2D{{1, 0}};            /* completion 前保持存活；随后随进程退出回收。 */
     const auto submitted = scene->render(frame, [frame](Frame_2D* completed, std::exception_ptr failure) {
diff --git a/render_2D/tests/Model_Adaptation_Test.cpp b/render_2D/tests/Model_Adaptation_Test.cpp
index ad048a3..cf0f30e 100644
--- a/render_2D/tests/Model_Adaptation_Test.cpp
+++ b/render_2D/tests/Model_Adaptation_Test.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <render_2D/module/renderable/Renderable_2D.hpp>
 #include <render_2D/module/scene/Render_Scene_2D.hpp>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <type_traits>
 namespace {
 struct Test_Renderable_2D : aethera::Def<Test_Renderable_2D, aethera::render_2d::Renderable_2D> {
     struct Private : Prev_Private {};
@@ -24,8 +25,13 @@ TEST(Model_Adaptation, Scene_Owns_The_Only_Renderable_Dag) {
     ASSERT_TRUE(dag.has_value());
     aethera::render_2d::Render_Scene_2D::Builder scene_builder;
     scene_builder
-    .relation<aethera::render_2d::scene::Renderable>([dag = std::move(*dag)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(dag); });
+    .relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>([dag = std::move(*dag)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(dag); });
     auto scene = scene_builder.build();
     EXPECT_TRUE(scene->model_initialized());
+    auto& relation = aethera::detail::model_private(*scene).relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
+    static_assert(std::same_as<typename std::remove_reference_t<decltype(relation)>::Node, aethera::render_2d::scene::Renderable>);
+    std::size_t node_count{};
+    relation.for_each_topological([&](auto, auto&) { ++node_count; });
+    EXPECT_EQ(node_count, 1U);
 }
 } // namespace
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/detail/Backend_Types.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/detail/Backend_Types.hpp
index 0b94c2a..8efd48b 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/detail/Backend_Types.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/detail/Backend_Types.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ struct Prepared_Visual_Instance {
 };
 
 using Prepared_Visual_Batch        = std::vector<Prepared_Visual_Instance>;
-using Shared_Prepared_Visual_Batch = std::shared_ptr<const Prepared_Visual_Batch>;
 [[nodiscard]] bool prepared_visual_batch_complete(const Prepared_Visual_Batch& visuals) noexcept;
 
 struct Scene_3D_Parameters {
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.hpp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.hpp
index 79d9dba..b60c168 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.hpp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.hpp
@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@
 #include <scene/src/Scene.hpp>
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 /* 推进并执行一棵 Renderable DAG；物理帧池与槽位阶段完全由 Frame Policy 管理。 */
-struct Render_Scene_3D : Def<Render_Scene_3D, Scene, Dirty_Import_Struct_Concurrent<Prop_Tag>, Owned_Dag_Relation<scene::Renderable>> {
+struct Render_Scene_3D : Def<Render_Scene_3D, Scene, Dirty_Import_Struct_Concurrent<Prop_Tag>> {
+    using Scene_Renderable_Facade = scene::Renderable;
     /*
      * Camera_3D 和 Axes_3D 是非拥有借用，必须覆盖 Scene 生命周期。
      * 成功提交后，Scene 与传入的 Frame_3D 必须覆盖 completion 返回前的全部在途工作。
+     * 同一 Scene 的 render() 由 Frame Policy 串行调用；直接调用者也必须维持单帧渲染在途。
      * 析构不会等待、取消或脱离在途工作。
      */
     struct Prop : Prev<Prop_Tag> {
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.ipp
index 79db952..caf984a 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D.ipp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ struct Scene_Datoviz_State {
     void                                               abandon_resources() noexcept;
     void                                               destroy();
 private:
-    struct Runtime_Slot {
+    struct Backend_Target_Runtime {
         DvzDrp2Runtime*      runtime{}; /* 本目标槽独占的 DRP2 Runtime。 */
         DvzFramePlanEmitter* emitter{}; /* 本目标槽独占的帧计划 emitter。 */
     };
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ private:
     std::shared_ptr<Datoviz_Render_Context>             render_context_{};       /* 按 GPU 索引与验证模式共享的进程级上下文。 */
     std::uintptr_t                                      command_pool_{};         /* 本 Scene 独占 Vulkan Command Pool。 */
     std::uintptr_t                                      descriptor_pool_{};      /* 本 Scene 独占 Vulkan Descriptor Pool。 */
-    std::array<Runtime_Slot, 3>                         runtime_slots_{};        /* 三个固定目标槽的 Runtime。 */
+    std::array<Backend_Target_Runtime, 3>                backend_target_runtimes_{}; /* 仅对应三个 Datoviz/Vulkan 后端目标，不是 Frame Policy 槽。 */
     DvzScene*                                           scene_{};                /* Datoviz Scene 所有权。 */
     DvzFigure*                                          figure_{};               /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
     DvzPanel*                                           panel_{};                /* 可空、非拥有；由 scene_ 拥有。 */
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D_Model.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D_Model.ipp
index f9a56a2..8cb4b83 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D_Model.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/Render_Scene_3D_Model.ipp
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 namespace aethera::render_3d {
 namespace detail {
 struct Scene_Paint_Context final {
-    Scene_3D_Parameters                   parameters{}; /* 褰撳墠 CPU Prepare 鍞竴璇诲彇鐨?Scene 鍙傛暟銆?*/
-    std::shared_ptr<Prepared_Visual_Batch> visuals{std::make_shared<Prepared_Visual_Batch>()}; /* 鍚?Visual 鑺傜偣鍙啓鑷繁鐨勯鍒嗛厤妲戒綅銆?*/
+    Scene_3D_Parameters  parameters{}; /* 当前 CPU Prepare 唯一读取的 Scene 参数。 */
+    Prepared_Visual_Batch visuals{};   /* 各 Visual 节点只写自己的预分配位置。 */
 };
 
 inline float wheel_step(double pixel, double angle) {
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ inline Mouse_Button held_button(Mouse_Button_Mask buttons) {
 inline void publish_visual(void* raw_context, std::size_t slot, const Prepared_Visual& prepared) {
     if (!raw_context) throw std::logic_error("3D Visual lost its Scene paint context");
     auto& context = *static_cast<Scene_Paint_Context*>(raw_context);
-    if (!context.visuals || slot >= context.visuals->size()) throw std::logic_error("3D Visual published outside its Scene slot");
-    (*context.visuals)[slot].visual = prepared;
+    if (slot >= context.visuals.size()) throw std::logic_error("3D Visual published outside its Scene slot");
+    context.visuals[slot].visual = prepared;
 }
 
 inline void publish_datoviz_observation(Frame_3D* frame, Datoviz_Frame_Observation observation) {
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ inline void publish_datoviz_observation(Frame_3D* frame, Datoviz_Frame_Observati
 } // namespace detail
 
 struct Render_Scene_3D::Private : Prev_Private, private detail::Scene_Datoviz_State {
-    struct Frame_Execution final {
+    /* 一次 render() 的异步执行租约；不保存、选择或复用 Frame Policy 槽位。 */
+    struct Render_Execution final {
         Frame_3D*                                             frame{}; /* 必填、非拥有借用；由 Frame Policy 保持至 completion 返回。 */
         Completion                                            completion{};
         std::atomic_bool                                      cpu_finished{};
@@ -80,7 +81,7 @@ struct Render_Scene_3D::Private : Prev_Private, private detail::Scene_Datoviz_St
         std::shared_ptr<detail::Scene_Paint_Context>          paint_context{};
     };
 
-    using Shared_Frame_Execution = std::shared_ptr<Frame_Execution>;
+    using Shared_Render_Execution = std::shared_ptr<Render_Execution>;
 
     Private(Camera_3D& camera_value, Axes_3D& axes_value, std::uint32_t gpu_index_value = 0, bool validation_enabled_value = false);
     ~Private() override = default;
@@ -97,14 +98,14 @@ private:
     [[nodiscard]] const Prop& advance_scene();
     [[nodiscard]] detail::Scene_3D_Parameters current_parameters(const Prop& properties);
     void initialize_or_validate_backend(const detail::Scene_3D_Parameters& parameters);
-    [[nodiscard]] proxy<scene::Task_Graph> build_frame_graph(const Shared_Frame_Execution& execution, const detail::Scene_3D_Parameters& parameters);
+    [[nodiscard]] proxy<scene::Task_Graph> build_frame_graph(const Shared_Render_Execution& execution, const detail::Scene_3D_Parameters& parameters);
     void dispatch_events(Event_Batch& events) override;
     void dispatch_datoviz(Event& event, Extent viewport);
-    void render_datoviz(const Shared_Frame_Execution& execution, detail::Shared_Prepared_Visual_Batch visuals, detail::Scene_3D_Parameters parameters) noexcept;
-    void observe_datoviz_completion(const Shared_Frame_Execution& execution, std::optional<detail::Gpu_Completion_Service::Result> result, std::exception_ptr failure) noexcept;
-    void try_complete(const Shared_Frame_Execution& execution) noexcept;
-    [[nodiscard]] std::exception_ptr collect_datoviz(Frame_Execution& execution) noexcept;
-    static void complete_execution(Shared_Frame_Execution execution, std::exception_ptr runtime_failure);
+    void render_datoviz(const Shared_Render_Execution& execution, const detail::Prepared_Visual_Batch& visuals, detail::Scene_3D_Parameters parameters) noexcept;
+    void observe_datoviz_completion(const Shared_Render_Execution& execution, std::optional<detail::Gpu_Completion_Service::Result> result, std::exception_ptr failure) noexcept;
+    void try_complete(const Shared_Render_Execution& execution) noexcept;
+    [[nodiscard]] std::exception_ptr collect_datoviz(Render_Execution& execution) noexcept;
+    static void complete_execution(Shared_Render_Execution execution, std::exception_ptr runtime_failure);
     void fail_datoviz(std::exception_ptr failure) noexcept;
 };
 
@@ -115,7 +116,11 @@ inline const Render_Scene_3D::Prop& Render_Scene_3D::Private::advance_scene() {
     properties.internal.advance();
     camera->advance();
     axes->advance();
-    advance_renderables();
+    commit<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
+    auto& renderables = relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
+    renderables.for_each_topological([](Dag_Node_Id, proxy<scene::Renderable>& renderable) {
+        renderable->advance();
+    });
     return static_cast<const Prop&>(*properties.internal.use());
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +131,7 @@ inline detail::Scene_3D_Parameters Render_Scene_3D::Private::current_parameters(
 
 inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::initialize_or_validate_backend(const detail::Scene_3D_Parameters& parameters) {
     std::vector<detail::Visual_Registration> current;
-    auto& renderables = relation<scene::Renderable>();
+    auto& renderables = relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
     renderables.for_each_topological([&](Dag_Node_Id id, proxy<scene::Renderable>& renderable) {
         current.push_back({static_cast<detail::Visual_Identity>(id.value), std::addressof(renderable->use())});
     });
@@ -143,11 +148,11 @@ inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::initialize_or_validate_backend(const detai
     backend_initialized = true;
 }
 
-inline proxy<scene::Task_Graph> Render_Scene_3D::Private::build_frame_graph(const Shared_Frame_Execution& execution, const detail::Scene_3D_Parameters& parameters) {
+inline proxy<scene::Task_Graph> Render_Scene_3D::Private::build_frame_graph(const Shared_Render_Execution& execution, const detail::Scene_3D_Parameters& parameters) {
     execution->paint_context             = std::make_shared<detail::Scene_Paint_Context>();
     execution->paint_context->parameters = parameters;
-    execution->paint_context->visuals->reserve(registrations.size());
-    for (const auto& registration : registrations) execution->paint_context->visuals->push_back({registration.identity, {}});
+    execution->paint_context->visuals.reserve(registrations.size());
+    for (const auto& registration : registrations) execution->paint_context->visuals.push_back({registration.identity, {}});
     auto graph = scene::make_task_graph("render_3d.frame");
     auto begin = graph->add("scene.begin", [execution] {
         execution->frame->mark(Frame_Trace_Marker::scene_render_started);
@@ -156,7 +161,7 @@ inline proxy<scene::Task_Graph> Render_Scene_3D::Private::build_frame_graph(cons
         execution->frame->mark(Frame_Trace_Marker::paint_started);
     });
     if (!begin) throw std::logic_error("failed to create 3D frame setup task");
-    auto& renderables = relation<scene::Renderable>();
+    auto& renderables = relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
     std::unordered_map<std::uint64_t, proxy<task_flow::Task_Node>> nodes;
     std::size_t slot{};
     renderables.for_each_topological([&](Dag_Node_Id id, proxy<scene::Renderable>& renderable) {
@@ -171,7 +176,7 @@ inline proxy<scene::Task_Graph> Render_Scene_3D::Private::build_frame_graph(cons
         if (graph->precede(nodes.at(source.value), nodes.at(target.value)) != Precede_Task_Graph_Result::preceded) throw std::logic_error("failed to preserve a 3D Renderable DAG dependency");
     });
     auto backend = graph->add("scene.backend.prepare", [this, execution, paint = execution->paint_context] {
-        if (!detail::prepared_visual_batch_complete(*paint->visuals)) throw std::logic_error("3D Scene published an incomplete Visual batch");
+        if (!detail::prepared_visual_batch_complete(paint->visuals)) throw std::logic_error("3D Scene published an incomplete Visual batch");
         render_datoviz(execution, paint->visuals, paint->parameters);
     });
     if (!backend) throw std::logic_error("failed to create 3D backend task");
@@ -181,7 +186,8 @@ inline proxy<scene::Task_Graph> Render_Scene_3D::Private::build_frame_graph(cons
 }
 
 inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::dispatch_events(Event_Batch& events) {
-    Prev_Private::dispatch_events(events);
+    auto& renderables = relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
+    aethera::detail::dispatch_scene_events<scene::Renderable>(events, renderables);
     const auto& properties = static_cast<const Prop&>(*this->template attachment<Prop_Tag>().internal.use());
     for (auto& event : events) if (event) dispatch_datoviz(*event, properties.viewport);
 }
@@ -205,10 +211,10 @@ inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::dispatch_datoviz(Event& event, Extent view
     if ((wheel && pointer_valid) || pointer_valid || key) event.accept();
 }
 
-inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::render_datoviz(const Shared_Frame_Execution& execution, detail::Shared_Prepared_Visual_Batch visuals, detail::Scene_3D_Parameters parameters) noexcept {
+inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::render_datoviz(const Shared_Render_Execution& execution, const detail::Prepared_Visual_Batch& visuals, detail::Scene_3D_Parameters parameters) noexcept {
     execution->backend_started.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
     try {
-        if (!visuals || visuals->empty()) throw std::invalid_argument("3D Scene requires prepared Visual data");
+        if (visuals.empty()) throw std::invalid_argument("3D Scene requires prepared Visual data");
         if (!backend_available.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) throw std::runtime_error("3D Scene resources are unavailable");
         auto* frame = execution->frame;
         auto reservation = detail::Gpu_Completion_Service::instance().prepare([this, execution](detail::Gpu_Completion_Service::Result result) {
@@ -221,8 +227,8 @@ inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::render_datoviz(const Shared_Frame_Executio
         const bool observe  = frame->taskflow_trace_requested();
         const bool readback = frame->output() == Frame_3D_Output::pixels;
         frame->mark(Frame_Trace_Marker::backend_prepare_started);
-        auto prepared = reuse_recorded_target(parameters, *visuals, sequence, observe, readback);
-        if (!prepared) prepared = prepare(parameters, *visuals, sequence, observe, readback);
+        auto prepared = reuse_recorded_target(parameters, visuals, sequence, observe, readback);
+        if (!prepared) prepared = prepare(parameters, visuals, sequence, observe, readback);
         if (!prepared) throw std::logic_error("Datoviz did not provide a frame target after Scene admission");
         frame->mark(Frame_Trace_Marker::backend_prepare_finished);
         execution->datoviz_frame.emplace(std::move(*prepared));
@@ -265,7 +271,7 @@ inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::render_datoviz(const Shared_Frame_Executio
     }
 }
 
-inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::observe_datoviz_completion(const Shared_Frame_Execution& execution, std::optional<detail::Gpu_Completion_Service::Result> result, std::exception_ptr failure) noexcept {
+inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::observe_datoviz_completion(const Shared_Render_Execution& execution, std::optional<detail::Gpu_Completion_Service::Result> result, std::exception_ptr failure) noexcept {
     execution->frame->mark(Frame_Trace_Marker::gpu_completed);
     execution->completion_result      = std::move(result);
     execution->backend_failure        = std::move(failure);
@@ -274,7 +280,7 @@ inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::observe_datoviz_completion(const Shared_Fr
     try_complete(execution);
 }
 
-inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::try_complete(const Shared_Frame_Execution& execution) noexcept {
+inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::try_complete(const Shared_Render_Execution& execution) noexcept {
     if (!execution->cpu_finished.load(std::memory_order_acquire) || !execution->backend_finished.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) return;
     if (execution->completion_started.exchange(true, std::memory_order_acq_rel)) return;
     try {
@@ -293,7 +299,7 @@ inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::try_complete(const Shared_Frame_Execution&
     }
 }
 
-inline std::exception_ptr Render_Scene_3D::Private::collect_datoviz(Frame_Execution& execution) noexcept {
+inline std::exception_ptr Render_Scene_3D::Private::collect_datoviz(Render_Execution& execution) noexcept {
     if (execution.backend_failure) return execution.backend_failure;
     try {
         if (!execution.datoviz_frame) throw std::logic_error("3D completion lost its Datoviz target");
@@ -322,7 +328,7 @@ inline std::exception_ptr Render_Scene_3D::Private::collect_datoviz(Frame_Execut
     }
 }
 
-inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::complete_execution(Shared_Frame_Execution execution, std::exception_ptr runtime_failure) {
+inline void Render_Scene_3D::Private::complete_execution(Shared_Render_Execution execution, std::exception_ptr runtime_failure) {
     auto* frame    = execution->frame;
     auto callback  = std::move(execution->completion);
     auto failure   = execution->cpu_failure ? std::move(execution->cpu_failure) : std::move(execution->backend_failure);
@@ -364,7 +370,7 @@ inline Render_Scene_3D::Render_Result Render_Scene_3D::Private::render(Frame_3D*
         if (!backend_available.load(std::memory_order_acquire)) return Render_Result::backend_unavailable;
         const auto parameters = current_parameters(properties);
         initialize_or_validate_backend(parameters);
-        auto execution        = std::make_shared<Frame_Execution>();
+        auto execution        = std::make_shared<Render_Execution>();
         execution->frame      = frame;
         execution->completion = std::move(completion);
         auto graph            = build_frame_graph(execution, parameters);
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline.ipp
index ac58fc1..8f6bb0b 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Frame_Pipeline.ipp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void accumulate_execution_timing(const DvzDrp2ExecutionTiming& source, Datoviz_F
 
 /* Datoviz Scene 根据当前权威资源生成 DRP2 命令流描述，不提交 GPU。 */
 DvzSceneFrameArtifact* Scene_Datoviz_State::emit(const Scene_3D_Parameters& scene, std::uint8_t target_index, DvzSceneFrameEmitTiming& timing) {
-    if (target_index >= runtime_slots_.size() || runtime_slots_[target_index].emitter == nullptr) throw std::logic_error("Datoviz frame target emitter is unavailable");
+    if (target_index >= backend_target_runtimes_.size() || backend_target_runtimes_[target_index].emitter == nullptr) throw std::logic_error("Datoviz frame target emitter is unavailable");
     DvzFramePlanEmitConfig configuration = dvz_frame_plan_emit_config();
     configuration.shader_format          = DVZ_SCENE_SHADER_FORMAT_GLSL;
     configuration.external_color_target  = true;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ DvzSceneFrameArtifact* Scene_Datoviz_State::emit(const Scene_3D_Parameters& scen
      * across the three targets makes target N receive commands that assume target
      * N-1's resource state. Replaying retained payloads also compensates for the
      * Scene-wide dirty flags committed by another target's preceding emission. */
-    auto* artifact = dvz_figure_emit_frame_with_emitter(figure_, runtime_slots_[target_index].emitter, true, &capabilities, &report, &configuration);
+    auto* artifact = dvz_figure_emit_frame_with_emitter(figure_, backend_target_runtimes_[target_index].emitter, true, &capabilities, &report, &configuration);
     if (artifact == nullptr) {
         std::string message = "failed to emit Datoviz visual frame";
         const auto  count   = dvz_diagnostic_report_count(&report);
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::prepare(const Scene_3D
     bool query_changed_scene{};
     phase_started = trace_now_ns();
     if (item_interaction_ != nullptr) {
-        static_cast<void>(dvz_figure_process_queries(figure_, runtime_slots_[*target_index].runtime, nullptr));
+        static_cast<void>(dvz_figure_process_queries(figure_, backend_target_runtimes_[*target_index].runtime, nullptr));
         DvzQueryResult query{};
         bool           resolved{};
         while (dvz_scene_poll_query(scene_, &query)) resolved = true;
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::prepare(const Scene_3D
         phase_started                                                                            = trace_now_ns();
         const std::uint64_t                                                       cpu_started    = trace_thread_cpu_ns();
         const auto                                                                replay_visuals = stale_runtime_visuals(visuals, *target_index);
-        std::unique_ptr<DvzDrp2CommandStream, decltype(&dvz_drp2_stream_destroy)> update_stream{dvz_figure_prepare_runtime_resources(figure_, runtime_slots_[*target_index].emitter, replay_visuals.data(), static_cast<std::uint32_t>(replay_visuals.size()), &uploaded_bytes, &command_recording_valid, &report), &dvz_drp2_stream_destroy};
+        std::unique_ptr<DvzDrp2CommandStream, decltype(&dvz_drp2_stream_destroy)> update_stream{dvz_figure_prepare_runtime_resources(figure_, backend_target_runtimes_[*target_index].emitter, replay_visuals.data(), static_cast<std::uint32_t>(replay_visuals.size()), &uploaded_bytes, &command_recording_valid, &report), &dvz_drp2_stream_destroy};
         observation.runtime_plan_ns     = trace_now_ns() - phase_started;
         observation.runtime_plan_cpu_ns = trace_thread_cpu_ns() - cpu_started;
         if (!update_stream) {
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::prepare(const Scene_3D
         DvzDrp2ValidationResult update_result{};
         {
             DvzDrp2ExecutionTiming timing{};
-            update_result = dvz_drp2_runtime_execute_timed(runtime_slots_[*target_index].runtime, update_stream.get(), &timing);
+            update_result = dvz_drp2_runtime_execute_timed(backend_target_runtimes_[*target_index].runtime, update_stream.get(), &timing);
             accumulate_execution_timing(timing, observation);
         }
         observation.runtime_execute_ns     = trace_now_ns() - phase_started;
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::prepare(const Scene_3D
     phase_started = trace_now_ns();
     if (frame_target.can_reuse_commands(command_revision_, readback) && !frame_target.can_reuse(command_revision_, controller_revision_, readback)) {
         std::uint64_t mvp_uploaded_bytes{};
-        if (dvz_figure_update_mvp_buffers(figure_, runtime_slots_[*target_index].emitter, runtime_slots_[*target_index].runtime, &mvp_uploaded_bytes)) {
+        if (dvz_figure_update_mvp_buffers(figure_, backend_target_runtimes_[*target_index].emitter, backend_target_runtimes_[*target_index].runtime, &mvp_uploaded_bytes)) {
             frame_target.mark_mvp_uploaded(controller_revision_);
             observation.uploaded_bytes += mvp_uploaded_bytes;
             mvp_updated                = true;
@@ -321,13 +321,13 @@ std::optional<Datoviz_Pending_Frame> Scene_Datoviz_State::prepare(const Scene_3D
     bool                    attached{};
     DvzDrp2ValidationResult result{};
     phase_started               = trace_now_ns();
-    attached                    = stream != nullptr && dvz_drp2_runtime_attach_frame_target(runtime_slots_[*target_index].runtime, color_target_id, &target_frame);
+    attached                    = stream != nullptr && dvz_drp2_runtime_attach_frame_target(backend_target_runtimes_[*target_index].runtime, color_target_id, &target_frame);
     observation.frame_attach_ns = trace_now_ns() - phase_started;
     if (attached) {
         phase_started                      = trace_now_ns();
         const std::uint64_t    cpu_started = trace_thread_cpu_ns();
         DvzDrp2ExecutionTiming timing{};
-        result = dvz_drp2_runtime_execute_timed(runtime_slots_[*target_index].runtime, stream, &timing);
+        result = dvz_drp2_runtime_execute_timed(backend_target_runtimes_[*target_index].runtime, stream, &timing);
         accumulate_execution_timing(timing, observation);
         observation.frame_execute_ns     = trace_now_ns() - phase_started;
         observation.frame_execute_cpu_ns = trace_thread_cpu_ns() - cpu_started;
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ void Scene_Datoviz_State::destroy() {
     auto context = render_context_;
     {
         std::lock_guard target_lock(target_mutex_);
-        for (auto& slot : runtime_slots_) {
+        for (auto& slot : backend_target_runtimes_) {
             if (slot.runtime != nullptr) {
                 dvz_drp2_runtime_destroy(slot.runtime);
                 slot.runtime = nullptr;
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Resources.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Resources.ipp
index 251dfb7..f82bd44 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Resources.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/scene/detail/Datoviz_Scene_Resources.ipp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ void Scene_Datoviz_State::initialize(std::uint32_t gpu_index, bool validation_en
         DvzDrp2RuntimeConfig runtime_configuration = dvz_drp2_runtime_vklite_config(device, dvz_gpu_ctx_alloc(gpu_context));
         dvz_drp2_runtime_vklite_pools(&runtime_configuration, command_pool_, descriptor_pool_);
         render_context_->route_immediate_submissions(runtime_configuration);
-        for (auto& slot : runtime_slots_) {
+        for (auto& slot : backend_target_runtimes_) {
             slot.runtime = dvz_drp2_runtime_vklite(&runtime_configuration);
             slot.emitter = dvz_frame_plan_emitter();
             if (slot.runtime == nullptr || slot.emitter == nullptr) throw std::runtime_error("failed to create a Datoviz frame-target runtime");
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ bool Scene_Datoviz_State::matches_command_structure(const Scene_3D_Parameters& s
 }
 
 bool Scene_Datoviz_State::target_runtime_resources_current(const Prepared_Visual_Batch& prepared, std::uint8_t target_index) const {
-    if (target_index >= runtime_slots_.size()) throw std::out_of_range("Datoviz runtime target index is invalid");
+    if (target_index >= backend_target_runtimes_.size()) throw std::out_of_range("Datoviz runtime target index is invalid");
     for (const auto& source : prepared) {
         const auto target = std::ranges::find_if(visuals_, [&](const Datoviz_Visual_Instance& value) {
             return value.identity == source.identity;
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ bool Scene_Datoviz_State::target_runtime_resources_current(const Prepared_Visual
 }
 
 std::vector<DvzVisual*> Scene_Datoviz_State::stale_runtime_visuals(const Prepared_Visual_Batch& prepared, std::uint8_t target_index) const {
-    if (target_index >= runtime_slots_.size()) throw std::out_of_range("Datoviz runtime target index is invalid");
+    if (target_index >= backend_target_runtimes_.size()) throw std::out_of_range("Datoviz runtime target index is invalid");
     std::vector<DvzVisual*> result;
     result.reserve(prepared.size());
     for (const auto& source : prepared) {
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ std::vector<DvzVisual*> Scene_Datoviz_State::stale_runtime_visuals(const Prepare
 }
 
 void Scene_Datoviz_State::mark_target_runtime_resources_uploaded(std::uint8_t target_index) {
-    if (target_index >= runtime_slots_.size()) throw std::out_of_range("Datoviz runtime target index is invalid");
+    if (target_index >= backend_target_runtimes_.size()) throw std::out_of_range("Datoviz runtime target index is invalid");
     for (auto& visual : visuals_)
         if (visual.operations->external_attributes.empty()) visual.uploaded_data_revisions[target_index] = visual.applied_data_revision;
 }
diff --git a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/detail/Datoviz_Visual_Set.ipp b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/detail/Datoviz_Visual_Set.ipp
index c795add..ff68161 100644
--- a/render_3D/render_3D/visual/detail/Datoviz_Visual_Set.ipp
+++ b/render_3D/render_3D/visual/detail/Datoviz_Visual_Set.ipp
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ void Scene_Datoviz_State::bind_external_attributes(Datoviz_Visual_Instance& targ
 
 void Scene_Datoviz_State::register_external_attributes(const DvzDrp2CommandStream* stream, std::uint8_t target_index) {
     if (stream == nullptr) return;
-    if (target_index >= runtime_slots_.size()) throw std::logic_error("Datoviz external attribute target is invalid");
+    if (target_index >= backend_target_runtimes_.size()) throw std::logic_error("Datoviz external attribute target is invalid");
     const auto target_bit = static_cast<std::uint8_t>(1U << target_index);
     for (auto& visual : visuals_) {
         for (auto& attribute : visual.attributes) {
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void Scene_Datoviz_State::register_external_attributes(const DvzDrp2CommandStrea
             descriptor.buffer = attribute.gpu_buffer;
             descriptor.size   = scene_descriptor.byte_size;
             descriptor.usage  = DVZ_DRP2_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX;
-            if (!dvz_drp2_runtime_register_external_buffer(runtime_slots_[target_index].runtime, id, &descriptor)) throw std::runtime_error("failed to register Datoviz external GPU buffer");
+            if (!dvz_drp2_runtime_register_external_buffer(backend_target_runtimes_[target_index].runtime, id, &descriptor)) throw std::runtime_error("failed to register Datoviz external GPU buffer");
             attribute.registered_targets |= target_bit;
         }
     }
diff --git a/render_3D/tests/Async_Visual_Contract_Test.cpp b/render_3D/tests/Async_Visual_Contract_Test.cpp
index 83e0829..5c37a15 100644
--- a/render_3D/tests/Async_Visual_Contract_Test.cpp
+++ b/render_3D/tests/Async_Visual_Contract_Test.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ int main() {
     auto visual    = std::shared_ptr<Point_Visual>{builder.build()};
     auto renderable = model_proxy_shared<aethera::render_3d::scene::Renderable>(visual);
     auto context    = std::make_shared<Publish_Context>();
-    renderable->render(context, 0, &publish);
     renderable->advance();
+    renderable->render(context, 0, &publish);
 
     auto component = renderable->taskflow();
     auto graph     = task_flow::make_task_graph("render_3d.async_visual_contract");
diff --git a/render_3D/tests/Visual_Tests.cpp b/render_3D/tests/Visual_Tests.cpp
index 613fbf4..3baedd4 100644
--- a/render_3D/tests/Visual_Tests.cpp
+++ b/render_3D/tests/Visual_Tests.cpp
@@ -61,14 +61,16 @@ TEST(Render_3D_Scene, Builder_Owns_Current_Renderable_Dag) {
 
     Render_Scene_3D::Builder scene_builder(*camera, *axes);
     scene_builder
-    .relation<scene::Renderable>([graph = std::move(*dag)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(graph); });
+    .relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>([graph = std::move(*dag)](auto& relation) mutable { relation = std::move(graph); });
     static_assert(std::same_as<decltype(scene_builder.build()), std::unique_ptr<Render_Scene_3D>>);
     auto scene = scene_builder.build();
     ASSERT_TRUE(scene);
     EXPECT_TRUE(scene->model_initialized());
 
+    auto& relation = aethera::detail::model_private(*scene).relation<aethera::scene::Renderable>();
+    static_assert(std::same_as<typename std::remove_reference_t<decltype(relation)>::Node, scene::Renderable>);
     std::size_t node_count{};
-    aethera::detail::model_private(*scene).relation<scene::Renderable>().for_each_topological([&](auto, auto&) { ++node_count; });
+    relation.for_each_topological([&](auto, auto&) { ++node_count; });
     EXPECT_EQ(node_count, 1U);
 }