diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 893a9d6..c326d2e 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,10 +1,146 @@
-# Adminive Backend-Driven Example
+# Adminive Backend-Driven Complete Example
 
-Adminive 使用 C++20 模板、成员指针和 `magic_enum` 生成后端描述。前端只负责渲染 `/admin/amis` 返回的 amis Schema，不包含业务字段、枚举映射、列顺序、排序规则或配置联动。
+Adminive 使用 C++20 模板、Concepts 和可替换适配器描述业务类型。同一份后端描述驱动 JSON 双向转换、事务式赋值、字段权限、校验、amis CRUD、枚举列表列、树状配置、联动条件、日期控件、颜色控件和一次性提交。核心层不依赖具体 JSON 库、枚举反射库或结构体反射库。前端只读取 `/admin/amis` 并渲染后端返回的页面 JSON，不包含业务字段或业务判断。
 
-## 数据名称与界面名称
+## 适配层
 
-字段成员名继续作为稳定的数据名称：
+核心目标只提供描述器、转换流程和 amis Schema 生成：
+
+```cmake
+target_link_libraries(your_target PRIVATE Adminive::Core)
+```
+
+HTTP 资源层单独链接：
+
+```cmake
+target_link_libraries(your_target PRIVATE Adminive::Http)
+```
+
+项目自带的 `nlohmann::json` 和 `magic_enum` 桥接不会被核心头自动包含。需要默认实现时显式包含：
+
+```cpp
+#include "adminive/adapters/nlohmann_json.hpp"
+#include "adminive/adapters/magic_enum.hpp"
+using Json = nlohmann::json;
+```
+
+### JSON 适配
+
+外部 JSON 类型通过 `Json_Adapter<Json>` 接入。适配器负责对象、数组、标量、字段访问、解析和输出。所有转换入口显式携带 JSON 类型：
+
+```cpp
+auto descriptor = adminive::to_descriptor_json<Json, Config>();
+auto encoded = adminive::to_json<Json>(config);
+auto result = adminive::apply_frontend_patch<Json>(config, input);
+```
+
+### 外部值类型适配
+
+外部包装类型不需要继承 Adminive 类型。可以针对全部 JSON 实现提供通用适配，也可以只针对某个 JSON 类型特化：
+
+```cpp
+template <class Json>
+struct adminive::Value_Adapter<Copyable_Atomic_Int, Json> {
+    using value_type = int;
+    static int read(const Copyable_Atomic_Int& value) noexcept {
+        return value.load();
+    }
+    static void write(Copyable_Atomic_Int& target, int value) noexcept {
+        target.store(value);
+    }
+};
+```
+
+需要完全控制某种 JSON 的编码时，适配器可以提供 `encode()`、`decode()`、`type_name` 和 `append_schema()`。
+
+### 枚举适配
+
+核心仅调用 `Enum_Adapter<Enum>`。`adminive/adapters/magic_enum.hpp` 是可选桥接，也可以为单个枚举自行实现：
+
+```cpp
+template <>
+struct adminive::Enum_Adapter<My_Mode> {
+    static std::vector<My_Mode> values();
+    static std::string_view name(My_Mode value);
+    static std::optional<My_Mode> cast(std::string_view value);
+};
+```
+
+### PFR 或其他结构体反射适配
+
+核心通过 `Reflection_Adapter<T>` 接收字段数量、字段名称和按索引访问。外部可以在实现层用 Boost.PFR 完成桥接，Adminive 本身不包含 Boost.PFR。描述器使用 `reflected_object()` 或 `reflected_object_with()` 生成字段。
+
+```cpp
+template <>
+struct adminive::Reflection_Adapter<Config> {
+    static constexpr std::size_t field_count = boost::pfr::tuple_size_v<Config>;
+    template <std::size_t Index>
+    static decltype(auto) get(Config& value) {
+        return boost::pfr::get<Index>(value);
+    }
+    template <std::size_t Index>
+    static decltype(auto) get(const Config& value) {
+        return boost::pfr::get<Index>(value);
+    }
+    template <std::size_t Index>
+    static constexpr std::string_view name() {
+        return boost::pfr::get_name<Index, Config>();
+    }
+};
+```
+
+公开且无歧义的基类成员也可以直接注册到派生类型描述器，字段所有者不再要求与最终对象类型完全相同。
+
+## 目录结构
+
+```text
+Adminive/
+├── backend/
+│   ├── include/adminive/
+│   ├── src/
+│   │   ├── example.hpp
+│   │   └── main.cpp
+│   ├── tests/
+│   └── third_party/
+├── cmake/
+├── frontend/
+├── scripts/
+├── CMakeLists.txt
+└── README.md
+```
+
+`example.hpp` 位于 `backend/src`，只作为完整示例实现，不属于公共库头文件。
+
+## 列字段名称、显示名称和排序
+
+```cpp
+ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, mode, "Operating Mode")
+    .creatable()
+    .editable()
+    .required()
+    .list_label("Mode")
+    .order(5)
+    .sortable();
+```
+
+- `name` 来自成员名称，用于 JSON 字段和接口参数。
+- `label` 用于表单标签。
+- `list_label` 用于列表表头，未设置时回退到 `label`。
+- `order` 控制列表列顺序，未设置时按字段声明顺序生成默认值。
+- `sortable` 控制该列能否排序，后端只接受已声明为可排序的字段。
+
+## 枚举列表项
+
+```cpp
+enum class Radio_Mode {
+    receive,
+    transmit,
+    duplex,
+    maintenance
+};
+```
+
+业务结构直接使用枚举：
 
 ```cpp
 struct Radio_State {
@@ -12,179 +148,260 @@ struct Radio_State {
 };
 ```
 
-界面标签、列表表头和枚举显示名称在描述端单独配置：
+描述中不需要手写选项：
 
 ```cpp
-ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, mode, "运行模式")
-    .list_label("模式")
-    .sortable()
-    .enum_label<Radio_Mode::receive>("接收")
-    .enum_label<Radio_Mode::transmit>("发送")
-    .enum_label<Radio_Mode::duplex>("双工")
-    .enum_label<Radio_Mode::maintenance>("维护");
-```
-
-接口仍返回：
-
-```json
-{
-  "mode": "duplex"
-}
-```
-
-表格显示为“模式：双工”。`magic_enum` 负责枚举值发现和稳定字符串生成，`.enum_label` 只覆盖界面文字。
-
-## 列顺序与用户排序
-
-字段的默认列顺序和是否允许按值排序由后端描述：
-
-```cpp
-ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, buffer_count, "缓冲区数量")
-    .list_label("缓冲区")
-    .order(10)
+ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, mode, "Operating Mode")
+    .creatable()
+    .editable()
+    .required()
+    .list_label("Mode")
+    .order(5)
     .sortable();
 ```
 
-对象描述可以定义默认排序：
+示例通过可选的 `magic_enum` 桥接生成；核心只依赖 `Enum_Adapter`：
 
-```cpp
-object<T>(/* fields */)
-    .default_sort("buffer_count");
+```json
+{
+  "name": "mode",
+  "value_type": "enum",
+  "options": [
+    {"label": "Receive", "value": "receive"},
+    {"label": "Transmit", "value": "transmit"},
+    {"label": "Duplex", "value": "duplex"},
+    {"label": "Maintenance", "value": "maintenance"}
+  ]
+}
 ```
 
-用户点击可排序表头时，前端发送 `orderBy` 和 `orderDir`，后端只接受声明为 `.sortable()` 的字段。
+表格列使用 amis `mapping`，接口数据仍然返回稳定的枚举字符串，例如 `"duplex"`。
 
-用户也可以拖拽调整行顺序：
-
-```cpp
-object<T>(/* fields */)
-    .user_reorderable();
-```
-
-该配置会生成 `draggable` 和 `saveOrderApi`，后端提供 `POST <resource>/order` 保存当前运行期顺序。列选择菜单支持拖拽调整列先后，默认由 `.column_reorderable()` 控制。
-
-## CRUD 中文文字
-
-CRUD 固定文字也在对象描述中配置：
-
-```cpp
-object<T>(/* fields */)
-    .label("无线电状态")
-    .id_label("编号")
-    .create_label("新增")
-    .edit_label("编辑")
-    .delete_label("删除")
-    .actions_label("操作")
-    .confirm_label("确认修改")
-    .view_status_label("查看状态 ▾")
-    .management_label("无线电状态列表");
-```
-
-## 树状配置与持久化
-
-嵌套 C++ 对象直接表达树状配置：
+## 树状配置
+
+树结构由嵌套的已描述对象表达，不额外维护一份前端树配置：
 
 ```cpp
+struct Endpoint_Config {
+    bool enabled{true};
+    std::string host{"127.0.0.1"};
+    Range_Value<int, 1, 65535> port{9000};
+};
+struct Appearance_Config {
+    std::string panel_title{"Radio Control"};
+    std::string effective_date{"2026-08-06"};
+    std::string accent_color{"#2563eb"};
+};
 struct Radio_Service_Config {
     std::string profile_name{"Primary Radio Profile"};
     Radio_Mode mode{Radio_Mode::receive};
+    Range_Value<int, 1, 64> worker_count{4};
+    double receive_gain{1.25};
     Endpoint_Config primary_endpoint{};
     Endpoint_Config backup_endpoint{};
     Appearance_Config appearance{};
 };
 ```
 
-嵌套对象在界面中生成 `fieldset`。字符串、整数、浮点数、布尔、枚举、日期和颜色分别生成对应控件。联动条件仍由后端定义：
+界面结构为：
+
+```text
+Radio Service Configuration
+├── Profile Name
+├── Operating Mode
+├── Worker Count
+├── Receive Gain
+├── Primary Endpoint
+│   ├── Enable Endpoint
+│   ├── Host Address
+│   └── Port
+├── Backup Endpoint
+│   ├── Enable Endpoint
+│   ├── Host Address
+│   └── Port
+└── Appearance
+    ├── Panel Title
+    ├── Effective Date
+    └── Accent Color
+```
+
+嵌套对象在 amis 表单中渲染成可折叠 `fieldset`，子字段使用点路径，例如：
+
+```text
+primary_endpoint.host
+appearance.effective_date
+```
+
+提交时仍然形成嵌套 JSON 对象。
+
+## 配置联动
+
+字段描述通过 `visible_on` 保存 amis 表达式：
 
 ```cpp
-ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, backup_endpoint, "备用端点")
+ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, backup_endpoint, "Backup Endpoint")
     .editable()
     .visible_on("${mode == 'duplex'}");
 ```
 
-配置文件位于：
+当 `mode` 不是 `duplex` 时，整个 `Backup Endpoint` 子树隐藏。
 
-```text
-config/adminive.json
-```
-
-文件保存以下持久化内容：
-
-```text
-Application_Config
-├── default_device_type
-├── radio_service
-├── alerts
-├── serial_table
-└── network_table
-```
-
-程序启动时读取该文件。文件不存在时，使用 C++ 默认值自动创建。配置表单点击“确认修改”后，后端先在副本上完成赋值和校验，再写入临时文件并替换正式配置文件，成功后才替换内存对象。
-
-## 多态类型表格
-
-不同表格类型通过 C++ 虚函数注册：
+第二个配置示例使用组合条件：
 
 ```cpp
-class Device_Table_Base {
-public:
-    virtual ~Device_Table_Base() = default;
-    virtual Device_Table_Type type() const noexcept = 0;
-    virtual std::string_view type_name() const noexcept = 0;
-    virtual std::string_view type_label() const noexcept = 0;
-    virtual Json amis_schema() const = 0;
-    virtual void bind(httplib::Server& server) = 0;
-};
+ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, webhook_endpoint, "Webhook Endpoint")
+    .editable()
+    .visible_on("${enabled && channel == 'webhook'}");
 ```
 
-示例实现两个子类：
+只有启用告警且投递通道为 `webhook` 时，才显示 webhook 子配置。
+
+## 完整输入控件
+
+后端根据 C++ 类型自动选择基础控件：
 
 ```text
-Serial_Device_Table
-Network_Device_Table
+std::string        -> input-text
+整数类型           -> input-number
+浮点类型           -> input-number
+bool               -> switch
+enum class         -> select
 ```
 
-界面切换 `device_type` 后，`service.schemaApi` 重新向后端请求对应子类的 Schema：
+日期和颜色通过后端字段描述指定：
+
+```cpp
+ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, effective_date, "Effective Date")
+    .editable()
+    .required()
+    .widget("input-date");
+ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, accent_color, "Accent Color")
+    .editable()
+    .required()
+    .widget("input-color");
+```
+
+日期控件自动补充：
+
+```json
+{
+  "type": "input-date",
+  "valueFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD",
+  "displayFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD",
+  "clearable": true
+}
+```
+
+## 一次性确认修改
+
+配置表单不会在单个输入项改变时调用后端。所有修改先保留在表单数据域，点击 `Confirm Changes` 后一次性提交完整配置：
+
+```json
+{
+  "actions": [
+    {"type": "reset", "label": "Reset"},
+    {"type": "submit", "label": "Confirm Changes", "level": "primary"}
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+后端先复制当前对象，在副本上完成所有字段赋值和校验，全部成功后才替换原对象，因此一次提交具有对象级事务语义。
+
+## 两组配置示例
+
+页面包含三个后端定义的标签页：
 
 ```text
-serial  -> 串口、波特率、校验位、启用
-network -> 地址、协议、超时、TLS
+Radio State List
+Radio Service Configuration
+Alert Configuration
 ```
 
-因此切换类型后，表格列、编辑表单、配置表单和接口路径都会一起改变，前端不需要识别任何业务类型。
+`Radio Service Configuration` 展示字符串、枚举、整数、浮点数、树状子配置、日期和颜色。
+
+`Alert Configuration` 展示布尔开关、字符串、两个枚举、数字、日期、颜色和条件显示的 webhook 子配置。
 
 ## 对象状态
 
-对象状态使用独立类型，并通过成员函数指针注册：
+对象状态使用独立返回类型描述，不混入 CRUD 对象字段：
+
+```cpp
+struct Radio_Item_Status {
+    Status_Value<Radio_Operating_State> operating_state;
+    Status_Value<std::uint64_t> refresh_sequence;
+    Status_Value<std::string> refresh_time;
+};
+```
+
+状态值同时携带颜色：
+
+```json
+{
+  "operating_state": {
+    "value": "running",
+    "color": "#16a34a"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+资源通过成员函数指针注册：
 
 ```cpp
 resource.register_status<&Radio_State::status>(2000);
 ```
 
-只有用户打开某一行的“查看状态”弹层后，该行状态才开始请求和刷新。颜色由后端状态值返回。
+只有用户打开某一行的 `View status` PopOver 后，该行状态才开始请求和刷新。
 
-## 主要接口
+## API
 
 ```text
 GET    /admin/amis
 GET    /admin/status
+GET    /admin/radio_states/descriptor
+GET    /admin/radio_states/status/descriptor
+GET    /admin/radio_states/amis
 GET    /admin/radio_states
+GET    /admin/radio_states/{id}
+GET    /admin/radio_states/{id}/status
 POST   /admin/radio_states
 PUT    /admin/radio_states/{id}
+PATCH  /admin/radio_states/{id}
 DELETE /admin/radio_states/{id}
-GET    /admin/radio_states/{id}/status
-POST   /admin/device_tables/serial/items/order
-POST   /admin/device_tables/network/items/order
-GET    /admin/device_tables/schema?type=serial
-GET    /admin/device_tables/schema?type=network
-POST   /admin/device_tables/default
+GET    /admin/config/radio/descriptor
+GET    /admin/config/radio/data
+GET    /admin/config/radio/amis
 POST   /admin/config/radio/data
+GET    /admin/config/alerts/descriptor
+GET    /admin/config/alerts/data
+GET    /admin/config/alerts/amis
 POST   /admin/config/alerts/data
-POST   /admin/device_tables/serial/config/data
-POST   /admin/device_tables/network/config/data
 ```
 
-## 构建
+## 前端
+
+创建外部 `node_modules` 相对符号链接：
+
+```powershell
+pwsh -NoProfile -File .\scripts\link_node_modules.ps1
+```
+
+默认结构：
+
+```text
+Adminive/
+├── frontend/
+│   └── node_modules -> ../node_modules
+└── node_modules/
+```
+
+安装和构建：
+
+```powershell
+npm --prefix .\frontend ci
+npm --prefix .\frontend run build
+```
+
+## 后端
 
 ```powershell
 cmake -S . -B build -G Ninja
@@ -193,46 +410,20 @@ ctest --test-dir build --output-on-failure
 .\build\backend\Adminive_Server.exe 9999
 ```
 
+访问：
+
+```text
+http://127.0.0.1:9999
+```
+
 ## 源码压缩目标
 
-压缩函数参数顺序：
-
-```cmake
-add_project_zip_target(
-    target_name
-    output_file
-    root_directory
-    include_list_name
-    exclude_list_name
-)
+```powershell
+cmake --build build --target package_zip
 ```
 
-调用示例：
+输出文件位置由第二个参数明确指定，第三个参数传入排除列表变量名：
 
 ```cmake
-set(adminive_package_includes
-    "/backend/"
-    "/cmake/"
-    "/config/"
-    "/frontend/"
-    "/scripts/"
-    "/CMakeLists.txt"
-    "/README.md"
-)
-set(adminive_package_excludes
-    "/.git/"
-    "/.idea/"
-    "/build/"
-    "/cmake-build-*/"
-    "/doc/"
-    "/node_modules/"
-    "/frontend/frontend.zip"
-    "/frontend_dist/"
-    "*.tsbuildinfo"
-    "*.zip"
-)
-include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/cmake/PackageZip.cmake")
-add_project_zip_target(package_zip "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/Adminive.zip" "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}" adminive_package_includes adminive_package_excludes)
+add_project_zip_target(package_zip "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/Adminive.zip" adminive_package_excludes)
 ```
-
-函数只扫描包含列表指定的目录和文件，然后相对于根目录应用排除列表。
diff --git a/backend/CMakeLists.txt b/backend/CMakeLists.txt
index f073eab..be12159 100644
--- a/backend/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/backend/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -5,45 +5,36 @@ set(adminive_backend_root "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}")
 set(adminive_include_dir "${adminive_backend_root}/include")
 set(adminive_third_party_include_dir "${adminive_backend_root}/third_party/include")
 set(adminive_frontend_dist_dir "${adminive_backend_root}/../frontend_dist")
-set(adminive_config_file "${adminive_backend_root}/../config/adminive.json")
 file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${adminive_frontend_dist_dir}" adminive_frontend_dist_dir)
-file(TO_CMAKE_PATH "${adminive_config_file}" adminive_config_file)
 add_library(Adminive INTERFACE)
+if(MSVC)
+    target_compile_options(Adminive INTERFACE /utf-8 /permissive- /Zc:__cplusplus)
+endif()
 add_library(Adminive::Adminive ALIAS Adminive)
-target_include_directories(Adminive INTERFACE
-    "${adminive_include_dir}"
-    "${adminive_third_party_include_dir}"
-)
+add_library(Adminive::Core ALIAS Adminive)
+target_include_directories(Adminive INTERFACE "${adminive_include_dir}")
 target_compile_features(Adminive INTERFACE cxx_std_20)
-if(WIN32)
-    target_compile_definitions(Adminive INTERFACE
-        WINVER=0x0A00
-        _WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00
-    )
-    target_link_libraries(Adminive INTERFACE ws2_32)
-endif()
-set(adminive_server_sources
-    "${adminive_backend_root}/src/config_store.cpp"
-    "${adminive_backend_root}/src/device_tables.cpp"
-    "${adminive_backend_root}/src/example.cpp"
-    "${adminive_backend_root}/src/main.cpp"
-    "${adminive_backend_root}/src/server_app.cpp"
-)
-add_executable(Adminive_Server ${adminive_server_sources})
-target_include_directories(Adminive_Server PRIVATE "${adminive_backend_root}/src")
-target_compile_definitions(Adminive_Server PRIVATE
-    ADMINIVE_FRONTEND_DIST_DIR="${adminive_frontend_dist_dir}"
-    ADMINIVE_CONFIG_FILE="${adminive_config_file}"
-)
-target_link_libraries(Adminive_Server PRIVATE Adminive::Adminive)
-if(BUILD_TESTING)
-    add_executable(Adminive_Test
-        "${adminive_backend_root}/src/config_store.cpp"
-        "${adminive_backend_root}/src/device_tables.cpp"
-        "${adminive_backend_root}/src/example.cpp"
-        "${adminive_backend_root}/tests/test.cpp"
-    )
+add_library(Adminive_Http INTERFACE)
+add_library(Adminive::Http ALIAS Adminive_Http)
+target_link_libraries(Adminive_Http INTERFACE Adminive::Core)
+target_include_directories(Adminive_Http INTERFACE "${adminive_third_party_include_dir}")
+if (WIN32)
+    target_compile_definitions(Adminive_Http INTERFACE WINVER=0x0A00 _WIN32_WINNT=0x0A00)
+    target_link_libraries(Adminive_Http INTERFACE ws2_32)
+endif ()
+add_library(Adminive_Default INTERFACE)
+add_library(Adminive::Default ALIAS Adminive_Default)
+target_link_libraries(Adminive_Default INTERFACE Adminive::Http)
+target_include_directories(Adminive_Default INTERFACE "${adminive_third_party_include_dir}")
+add_executable(Adminive_Server "${adminive_backend_root}/src/main.cpp")
+target_compile_definitions(Adminive_Server PRIVATE ADMINIVE_FRONTEND_DIST_DIR="${adminive_frontend_dist_dir}")
+target_link_libraries(Adminive_Server PRIVATE Adminive::Default)
+if (BUILD_TESTING)
+    add_executable(Adminive_Test "${adminive_backend_root}/tests/test.cpp")
     target_include_directories(Adminive_Test PRIVATE "${adminive_backend_root}/src")
-    target_link_libraries(Adminive_Test PRIVATE Adminive::Adminive)
+    target_link_libraries(Adminive_Test PRIVATE Adminive::Default)
     add_test(NAME Adminive_Test COMMAND Adminive_Test)
-endif()
+    add_executable(Adminive_Core_Adapter_Test "${adminive_backend_root}/tests/core_adapter_test.cpp")
+    target_link_libraries(Adminive_Core_Adapter_Test PRIVATE Adminive::Core)
+    add_test(NAME Adminive_Core_Adapter_Test COMMAND Adminive_Core_Adapter_Test)
+endif ()
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/adapter.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/adapter.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89a0fe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/adapter.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <concepts>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+namespace adminive {
+template <class T>
+struct Reflection_Adapter;
+template <class Json>
+struct Json_Adapter;
+template <class Json>
+concept Json_Type = requires(Json value, const Json const_value, std::string key, std::string_view text, std::size_t index) {
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::object() } -> std::same_as<Json>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::array() } -> std::same_as<Json>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::parse(text) } -> std::same_as<Json>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::dump(const_value, 2) } -> std::same_as<std::string>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::is_object(const_value) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::is_array(const_value) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::is_string(const_value) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::is_number(const_value) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::is_boolean(const_value) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::number(const_value) } -> std::convertible_to<long double>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(const_value, text) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::size(const_value) } -> std::convertible_to<std::size_t>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::keys(const_value) } -> std::same_as<std::vector<std::string>>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::at(value, text) } -> std::same_as<Json&>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::at(const_value, text) } -> std::same_as<const Json&>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::at(value, index) } -> std::same_as<Json&>;
+    { Json_Adapter<Json>::at(const_value, index) } -> std::same_as<const Json&>;
+    Json_Adapter<Json>::set(value, text, Json{});
+    Json_Adapter<Json>::append(value, Json{});
+    Json_Adapter<Json>::erase(value, text);
+};
+template <class Json>
+Json json_object() {
+    return Json_Adapter<Json>::object();
+}
+template <class Json>
+Json json_array() {
+    return Json_Adapter<Json>::array();
+}
+template <class Json, class T>
+Json json_scalar(T&& value) {
+    return Json_Adapter<Json>::make(std::forward<T>(value));
+}
+template <class Json, class T>
+void json_set(Json& object, std::string_view name, T&& value) {
+    if constexpr(std::same_as<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>) {
+        Json_Adapter<Json>::set(object, name, std::forward<T>(value));
+    } else {
+        Json_Adapter<Json>::set(object, name, json_scalar<Json>(std::forward<T>(value)));
+    }
+}
+template <class Json, class T>
+void json_append(Json& array, T&& value) {
+    if constexpr(std::same_as<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>) {
+        Json_Adapter<Json>::append(array, std::forward<T>(value));
+    } else {
+        Json_Adapter<Json>::append(array, json_scalar<Json>(std::forward<T>(value)));
+    }
+}
+template <class Json, class T>
+T json_get(const Json& value) {
+    return Json_Adapter<Json>::template get<T>(value);
+}
+template <class Json>
+Json parse_json(std::string_view value) {
+    return Json_Adapter<Json>::parse(value);
+}
+template <class Json>
+std::string dump_json(const Json& value, int indent = -1) {
+    return Json_Adapter<Json>::dump(value, indent);
+}
+template <class T, class Json>
+struct Value_Adapter {
+    using value_type = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;
+    static const value_type& read(const value_type& value) noexcept {
+        return value;
+    }
+    static void write(value_type& target, value_type value) {
+        target = std::move(value);
+    }
+};
+template <class T, class Json>
+using Adapted_Value_Type = typename Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::value_type;
+template <class T, class Json>
+concept Value_Adapter_With_Encode = requires(const std::remove_cvref_t<T>& value) {
+    { Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::encode(value) } -> std::same_as<Json>;
+};
+template <class T, class Json>
+concept Value_Adapter_With_Decode = requires(std::remove_cvref_t<T>& target, const Json& value) {
+    Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::decode(target, value);
+};
+template <class T, class Json>
+concept Value_Adapter_With_Type_Name = requires {
+    { Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::type_name } -> std::convertible_to<std::string_view>;
+};
+template <class T, class Json>
+concept Value_Adapter_With_Schema = requires(Json& value) {
+    Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::append_schema(value);
+};
+template <class T, class Json>
+decltype(auto) read_adapted_value(const T& value) {
+    return Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::read(value);
+}
+template <class T, class Json>
+void write_adapted_value(T& target, Adapted_Value_Type<T, Json> value) {
+    Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::write(target, std::move(value));
+}
+template <class T, class Json>
+concept Value_Adapter_With_Minimum = requires {
+    { Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::minimum };
+};
+template <class T, class Json>
+concept Value_Adapter_With_Maximum = requires {
+    { Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::maximum };
+};
+template <class T, class Json>
+concept Value_Adapter_With_Multiple_Of = requires {
+    { Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::multiple_of };
+};
+template <class T, class Json>
+concept Value_Adapter_With_Validation_Message = requires {
+    { Value_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, Json>::validation_message } -> std::convertible_to<std::string_view>;
+};
+template <class Enum>
+struct Enum_Adapter;
+template <class Enum>
+concept Enum_Type = std::is_enum_v<Enum> && requires(Enum value, std::string_view name) {
+    { Enum_Adapter<Enum>::values() };
+    { Enum_Adapter<Enum>::name(value) } -> std::convertible_to<std::string_view>;
+    { Enum_Adapter<Enum>::cast(name) } -> std::same_as<std::optional<Enum>>;
+};
+template <Enum_Type Enum>
+auto enum_values() {
+    return Enum_Adapter<Enum>::values();
+}
+template <Enum_Type Enum>
+std::string_view enum_name(Enum value) {
+    return Enum_Adapter<Enum>::name(value);
+}
+template <Enum_Type Enum>
+std::optional<Enum> enum_cast(std::string_view value) {
+    return Enum_Adapter<Enum>::cast(value);
+}
+template <class Enum>
+concept Enum_Adapter_With_Underlying_Cast = Enum_Type<Enum> && requires(std::underlying_type_t<Enum> value) {
+    { Enum_Adapter<Enum>::cast(value) } -> std::same_as<std::optional<Enum>>;
+};
+}
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/adapters/magic_enum.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/adapters/magic_enum.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07bbe01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/adapters/magic_enum.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "adminive/adapter.hpp"
+#include "magic_enum/magic_enum.hpp"
+#include <optional>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+namespace adminive {
+template <class Enum>
+requires std::is_enum_v<Enum>
+struct Enum_Adapter<Enum> {
+    static std::vector<Enum> values() {
+        const auto source = magic_enum::enum_values<Enum>();
+        return std::vector<Enum>(source.begin(), source.end());
+    }
+    static std::string_view name(Enum value) {
+        return magic_enum::enum_name(value);
+    }
+    static std::optional<Enum> cast(std::string_view value) {
+        return magic_enum::enum_cast<Enum>(value);
+    }
+    static std::optional<Enum> cast(std::underlying_type_t<Enum> value) {
+        return magic_enum::enum_cast<Enum>(value);
+    }
+};
+}
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/adapters/nlohmann_json.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/adapters/nlohmann_json.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c16f268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/adapters/nlohmann_json.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "adminive/adapter.hpp"
+#include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+namespace adminive {
+template <>
+struct Json_Adapter<nlohmann::json> {
+    using Json = nlohmann::json;
+    static Json object() {
+        return Json::object();
+    }
+    static Json array() {
+        return Json::array();
+    }
+    static Json parse(std::string_view value) {
+        return Json::parse(value.begin(), value.end());
+    }
+    static std::string dump(const Json& value, int indent) {
+        return value.dump(indent);
+    }
+    static bool is_object(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return value.is_object();
+    }
+    static bool is_array(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return value.is_array();
+    }
+    static bool is_string(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return value.is_string();
+    }
+    static bool is_number(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return value.is_number();
+    }
+    static bool is_boolean(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return value.is_boolean();
+    }
+    static long double number(const Json& value) {
+        return value.get<long double>();
+    }
+    static bool contains(const Json& value, std::string_view name) {
+        return value.contains(std::string(name));
+    }
+    static std::size_t size(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return value.size();
+    }
+    static std::vector<std::string> keys(const Json& value) {
+        std::vector<std::string> result;
+        result.reserve(value.size());
+        for(auto iterator = value.begin(); iterator != value.end(); ++iterator) {
+            result.push_back(iterator.key());
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+    static Json& at(Json& value, std::string_view name) {
+        return value.at(std::string(name));
+    }
+    static const Json& at(const Json& value, std::string_view name) {
+        return value.at(std::string(name));
+    }
+    static Json& at(Json& value, std::size_t index) {
+        return value.at(index);
+    }
+    static const Json& at(const Json& value, std::size_t index) {
+        return value.at(index);
+    }
+    static void set(Json& value, std::string_view name, Json item) {
+        value[std::string(name)] = std::move(item);
+    }
+    static void append(Json& value, Json item) {
+        value.push_back(std::move(item));
+    }
+    static void erase(Json& value, std::string_view name) {
+        value.erase(std::string(name));
+    }
+    template <class T>
+    static Json make(T&& value) {
+        if constexpr(std::same_as<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, std::string_view>) {
+            return Json(std::string(value));
+        } else {
+            return Json(std::forward<T>(value));
+        }
+    }
+    template <class T>
+    static T get(const Json& value) {
+        return value.get<T>();
+    }
+};
+}
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/adminive.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/adminive.hpp
index 1d88e7d..ea4cbb1 100644
--- a/backend/include/adminive/adminive.hpp
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/adminive.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
+#include "adminive/adapter.hpp"
 #include "adminive/amis.hpp"
 #include "adminive/concepts.hpp"
 #include "adminive/descriptor.hpp"
-#include "adminive/http.hpp"
 #include "adminive/json.hpp"
 #include "adminive/status.hpp"
 #include "adminive/value.hpp"
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/amis.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/amis.hpp
index 4e1b2b6..364e19c 100644
--- a/backend/include/adminive/amis.hpp
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/amis.hpp
@@ -13,191 +13,367 @@ inline std::string make_field_name(std::string_view prefix, std::string_view nam
     }
     return std::string(prefix) + "." + std::string(name);
 }
-inline Json make_amis_form_actions(std::string submit_label = "Apply") {
-    return Json::array({Json{{"type", "reset"}, {"label", "Reset"}}, Json{{"type", "submit"}, {"label", std::move(submit_label)}, {"level", "primary"}}});
+template <Json_Type Json>
+Json make_amis_form_actions(std::string submit_label = "Apply") {
+    Json reset = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(reset, "type", "reset");
+    json_set(reset, "label", "Reset");
+    Json submit = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(submit, "type", "submit");
+    json_set(submit, "label", std::move(submit_label));
+    json_set(submit, "level", "primary");
+    Json result = json_array<Json>();
+    json_append(result, std::move(reset));
+    json_append(result, std::move(submit));
+    return result;
 }
-inline Json make_amis_control(const Json& field, std::string_view permission, std::string_view prefix = {}) {
-    const std::string name = field.at("name").get<std::string>();
+template <Json_Type Json>
+Json make_amis_control(const Json& field, std::string_view permission, std::string_view prefix = {}) {
+    const std::string name = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "name"));
     const std::string full_name = make_field_name(prefix, name);
-    const std::string value_type = field.at("value_type").get<std::string>();
-    if(value_type == "object" && field.contains("children")) {
-        Json body = Json::array();
-        for(const auto& child : field.at("children")) {
-            if(child.at("visible").get<bool>()) {
-                body.push_back(make_amis_control(child, permission, full_name));
+    const std::string value_type = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "value_type"));
+    if(value_type == "object" && Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "children")) {
+        Json body = json_array<Json>();
+        const auto& children = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "children");
+        for(std::size_t index = 0; index < Json_Adapter<Json>::size(children); ++index) {
+            const auto& child = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(children, index);
+            if(json_get<Json, bool>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(child, "visible"))) {
+                json_append(body, make_amis_control<Json>(child, permission, full_name));
             }
         }
-        Json control{{"type", "fieldset"}, {"title", field.at("label")}, {"body", std::move(body)}, {"collapsable", true}, {"collapsed", false}};
-        if(field.contains("description")) {
-            control["description"] = field.at("description");
+        Json control = json_object<Json>();
+        json_set(control, "type", "fieldset");
+        json_set(control, "title", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "label"));
+        json_set(control, "body", std::move(body));
+        json_set(control, "collapsable", true);
+        json_set(control, "collapsed", false);
+        if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "description")) {
+            json_set(control, "description", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "description"));
         }
-        if(field.contains("visible_on")) {
-            control["visibleOn"] = field.at("visible_on");
+        if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "visible_on")) {
+            json_set(control, "visibleOn", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "visible_on"));
         }
         return control;
     }
-    Json control{{"name", full_name}, {"label", field.at("label")}};
-    if(field.contains("description")) {
-        control["description"] = field.at("description");
+    Json control = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(control, "name", full_name);
+    json_set(control, "label", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "label"));
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "description")) {
+        json_set(control, "description", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "description"));
     }
-    if(field.contains("visible_on")) {
-        control["visibleOn"] = field.at("visible_on");
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "visible_on")) {
+        json_set(control, "visibleOn", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "visible_on"));
     }
-    if(!field.at(permission).get<bool>()) {
-        control["type"] = "static";
+    if(!json_get<Json, bool>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, permission))) {
+        json_set(control, "type", "static");
         return control;
     }
-    if(field.contains("widget")) {
-        control["type"] = field.at("widget");
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "widget")) {
+        json_set(control, "type", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "widget"));
     } else if(value_type == "boolean") {
-        control["type"] = "switch";
+        json_set(control, "type", "switch");
     } else if(value_type == "integer" || value_type == "number") {
-        control["type"] = "input-number";
+        json_set(control, "type", "input-number");
     } else if(value_type == "enum") {
-        control["type"] = "select";
+        json_set(control, "type", "select");
     } else {
-        control["type"] = "input-text";
+        json_set(control, "type", "input-text");
     }
-    if(control.at("type") == "input-date") {
-        control["valueFormat"] = "YYYY-MM-DD";
-        control["displayFormat"] = "YYYY-MM-DD";
-        control["clearable"] = true;
-    } else if(control.at("type") == "input-color") {
-        control["clearable"] = true;
+    const std::string control_type = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(control, "type"));
+    if(control_type == "input-date") {
+        json_set(control, "valueFormat", "YYYY-MM-DD");
+        json_set(control, "displayFormat", "YYYY-MM-DD");
+        json_set(control, "clearable", true);
+    } else if(control_type == "input-color") {
+        json_set(control, "clearable", true);
     }
-    if(field.at("required").get<bool>()) {
-        control["required"] = true;
+    if(json_get<Json, bool>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "required"))) {
+        json_set(control, "required", true);
     }
-    if(field.contains("minimum")) {
-        control["min"] = field.at("minimum");
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "minimum")) {
+        json_set(control, "min", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "minimum"));
     }
-    if(field.contains("maximum")) {
-        control["max"] = field.at("maximum");
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "maximum")) {
+        json_set(control, "max", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "maximum"));
     }
-    if(field.contains("multiple_of")) {
-        control["step"] = field.at("multiple_of");
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "multiple_of")) {
+        json_set(control, "step", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "multiple_of"));
     }
-    if(field.contains("validation_message")) {
-        control["validationErrors"] = Json{{"isInt", field.at("validation_message")}};
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "validation_message")) {
+        Json errors = json_object<Json>();
+        json_set(errors, "isInt", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "validation_message"));
+        json_set(control, "validationErrors", std::move(errors));
     }
-    if(field.contains("options")) {
-        control["options"] = field.at("options");
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "options")) {
+        json_set(control, "options", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "options"));
     }
     return control;
 }
-inline Json make_amis_form_body(const Json& descriptor, std::string_view permission) {
-    Json body = Json::array();
-    for(const auto& field : descriptor.at("fields")) {
-        if(field.at("visible").get<bool>()) {
-            body.push_back(make_amis_control(field, permission));
+template <Json_Type Json>
+Json make_amis_form_body(const Json& descriptor, std::string_view permission) {
+    Json body = json_array<Json>();
+    const auto& fields = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "fields");
+    for(std::size_t index = 0; index < Json_Adapter<Json>::size(fields); ++index) {
+        const auto& field = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(fields, index);
+        if(json_get<Json, bool>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "visible"))) {
+            json_append(body, make_amis_control<Json>(field, permission));
         }
     }
     return body;
 }
-inline Json make_amis_column(const Json& field) {
-    Json column{{"name", field.at("name")}, {"label", field.at("list_label")}};
-    if(field.contains("order")) {
-        column["order"] = field.at("order");
+template <Json_Type Json>
+Json make_amis_column(const Json& field) {
+    Json column = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(column, "name", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "name"));
+    json_set(column, "label", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "list_label"));
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "order")) {
+        json_set(column, "order", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "order"));
     }
-    if(field.contains("sortable")) {
-        column["sortable"] = field.at("sortable");
+    if(Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "sortable")) {
+        json_set(column, "sortable", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "sortable"));
     }
-    const std::string value_type = field.at("value_type");
+    const std::string value_type = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "value_type"));
     if(value_type == "boolean") {
-        column["type"] = "status";
-    } else if(value_type == "enum" && field.contains("options")) {
-        column["type"] = "mapping";
-        Json map = Json::object();
-        for(const auto& option : field.at("options")) {
-            map[option.at("value").get<std::string>()] = option.at("label");
+        json_set(column, "type", "status");
+    } else if(value_type == "enum" && Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(field, "options")) {
+        json_set(column, "type", "mapping");
+        Json map = json_object<Json>();
+        const auto& options = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "options");
+        for(std::size_t index = 0; index < Json_Adapter<Json>::size(options); ++index) {
+            const auto& option = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(options, index);
+            json_set(map, json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(option, "value")), Json_Adapter<Json>::at(option, "label"));
         }
-        column["map"] = std::move(map);
+        json_set(column, "map", std::move(map));
     }
     return column;
 }
-inline Json make_amis_status_service(std::string status_api) {
-    const Json status_view{{"type", "tpl"}, {"tpl", R"(<div class="adminive-status-grid"><div><strong>Service</strong><span>${service_state}</span></div><div><strong>Server time</strong><span>${server_time}</span></div><div><strong>Uptime</strong><span>${uptime_seconds} s</span></div><div><strong>Polling sequence</strong><span>${poll_sequence}</span></div><div><strong>Radio states</strong><span>${radio_state_count}</span></div><div><strong>Listen port</strong><span>${listen_port}</span></div></div>)"}};
-    const Json panel{{"type", "panel"}, {"title", "Backend Status"}, {"body", status_view}};
-    return Json{{"type", "service"}, {"name", "backend_status"}, {"api", Json{{"method", "get"}, {"url", std::move(status_api)}}}, {"initFetch", true}, {"interval", 2000}, {"silentPolling", true}, {"showErrorMsg", true}, {"body", panel}};
+template <Json_Type Json>
+Json make_amis_status_service(std::string status_api) {
+    Json view = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(view, "type", "tpl");
+    json_set(view, "tpl", R"(<div class="adminive-status-grid"><div><strong>Service</strong><span>${service_state}</span></div><div><strong>Server time</strong><span>${server_time}</span></div><div><strong>Uptime</strong><span>${uptime_seconds} s</span></div><div><strong>Polling sequence</strong><span>${poll_sequence}</span></div><div><strong>Radio states</strong><span>${radio_state_count}</span></div><div><strong>Listen port</strong><span>${listen_port}</span></div></div>)");
+    Json panel = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(panel, "type", "panel");
+    json_set(panel, "title", "Backend Status");
+    json_set(panel, "body", std::move(view));
+    Json api = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(api, "method", "get");
+    json_set(api, "url", std::move(status_api));
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(result, "type", "service");
+    json_set(result, "name", "backend_status");
+    json_set(result, "api", std::move(api));
+    json_set(result, "initFetch", true);
+    json_set(result, "interval", 2000);
+    json_set(result, "silentPolling", true);
+    json_set(result, "showErrorMsg", true);
+    json_set(result, "body", std::move(panel));
+    return result;
 }
-inline Json make_amis_object_status_body(const Json& descriptor) {
-    Json body = Json::array();
-    for(const auto& field : descriptor.at("fields")) {
-        const std::string name = field.at("name").get<std::string>();
-        const std::string label = field.at("label").get<std::string>();
-        const bool color = field.at("color").get<bool>();
+template <Json_Type Json>
+Json make_amis_object_status_body(const Json& descriptor) {
+    Json body = json_array<Json>();
+    const auto& fields = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "fields");
+    for(std::size_t index = 0; index < Json_Adapter<Json>::size(fields); ++index) {
+        const auto& field = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(fields, index);
+        const std::string name = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "name"));
+        const std::string label = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "label"));
+        const bool color = json_get<Json, bool>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "color"));
         std::string tpl = "<div class=\"adminive-object-status-row\"><span class=\"adminive-object-status-label\">" + label + "</span><strong";
         if(color) {
             tpl += " style=\"color: ${" + name + ".color}\"";
         }
         tpl += ">${" + name + ".value}</strong></div>";
-        body.push_back(Json{{"type", "tpl"}, {"tpl", std::move(tpl)}});
+        Json item = json_object<Json>();
+        json_set(item, "type", "tpl");
+        json_set(item, "tpl", std::move(tpl));
+        json_append(body, std::move(item));
     }
-    return Json{{"type", "container"}, {"className", "adminive-object-status"}, {"body", std::move(body)}};
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(result, "type", "container");
+    json_set(result, "className", "adminive-object-status");
+    json_set(result, "body", std::move(body));
+    return result;
 }
-inline Json make_amis_object_status_service(const Json& descriptor, std::string status_api, std::uint64_t interval) {
-    return Json{{"type", "service"}, {"api", Json{{"method", "get"}, {"url", std::move(status_api)}}}, {"initFetch", true}, {"interval", interval}, {"silentPolling", true}, {"showErrorMsg", true}, {"body", make_amis_object_status_body(descriptor)}};
+template <Json_Type Json>
+Json make_amis_object_status_service(const Json& descriptor, std::string status_api, std::uint64_t interval) {
+    Json api = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(api, "method", "get");
+    json_set(api, "url", std::move(status_api));
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(result, "type", "service");
+    json_set(result, "api", std::move(api));
+    json_set(result, "initFetch", true);
+    json_set(result, "interval", interval);
+    json_set(result, "silentPolling", true);
+    json_set(result, "showErrorMsg", true);
+    json_set(result, "body", make_amis_object_status_body<Json>(descriptor));
+    return result;
 }
-inline Json make_amis_object_status_column(const Json& descriptor, std::string status_api, std::uint64_t interval, std::string action_label) {
-    const Json pop_over{{"trigger", "click"}, {"position", "left-top"}, {"showIcon", false}, {"body", make_amis_object_status_service(descriptor, std::move(status_api), interval)}};
-    return Json{{"type", "tpl"}, {"label", descriptor.at("label")}, {"tpl", "<span class=\"text-primary\">" + std::move(action_label) + "</span>"}, {"popOver", pop_over}};
+template <Json_Type Json>
+Json make_amis_object_status_column(const Json& descriptor, std::string status_api, std::uint64_t interval, std::string action_label) {
+    Json pop_over = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(pop_over, "trigger", "click");
+    json_set(pop_over, "position", "left-top");
+    json_set(pop_over, "showIcon", false);
+    json_set(pop_over, "body", make_amis_object_status_service<Json>(descriptor, std::move(status_api), interval));
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(result, "type", "tpl");
+    json_set(result, "label", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "label"));
+    json_set(result, "tpl", "<span class=\"text-primary\">" + std::move(action_label) + "</span>");
+    json_set(result, "popOver", std::move(pop_over));
+    return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_amis_form_schema(const T& value, std::string submit_api = {}, std::string submit_label = "Apply") {
-    const Json descriptor = to_descriptor_json<T>();
-    Json result{{"type", "form"}, {"title", descriptor.at("label")}, {"data", to_frontend_json(value)}, {"body", make_amis_form_body(descriptor, "editable")}, {"actions", make_amis_form_actions(std::move(submit_label))}, {"affixFooter", true}};
+    const Json descriptor = to_descriptor_json<Json, T>();
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(result, "type", "form");
+    json_set(result, "title", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "label"));
+    json_set(result, "data", to_frontend_json<Json>(value));
+    json_set(result, "body", make_amis_form_body<Json>(descriptor, "editable"));
+    json_set(result, "actions", make_amis_form_actions<Json>(std::move(submit_label)));
+    json_set(result, "affixFooter", true);
     if(!submit_api.empty()) {
-        result["api"] = Json{{"method", "post"}, {"url", std::move(submit_api)}};
+        Json api = json_object<Json>();
+        json_set(api, "method", "post");
+        json_set(api, "url", std::move(submit_api));
+        json_set(result, "api", std::move(api));
     }
     return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_amis_crud_schema(std::string base_api, const Json* status_descriptor = nullptr, std::uint64_t status_interval = 2000) {
-    const Json descriptor = to_descriptor_json<T>();
-    const Json& list = descriptor.at("list");
-    const std::string crud_id = descriptor.at("name").get<std::string>() + "_crud";
-    Json columns = Json::array({Json{{"name", "id"}, {"label", list.at("id_label")}, {"sortable", true}}});
+    const Json descriptor = to_descriptor_json<Json, T>();
+    const Json& list = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "list");
+    const std::string crud_id = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "name")) + "_crud";
+    Json columns = json_array<Json>();
+    Json id_column = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(id_column, "name", "id");
+    json_set(id_column, "label", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "id_label"));
+    json_set(id_column, "sortable", true);
+    json_append(columns, std::move(id_column));
     std::vector<Json> list_fields;
-    for(const auto& field : descriptor.at("fields")) {
-        if(field.at("readable").get<bool>() && field.at("list_visible").get<bool>() && field.at("value_type") != "object") {
+    const auto& fields = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "fields");
+    for(std::size_t index = 0; index < Json_Adapter<Json>::size(fields); ++index) {
+        const auto& field = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(fields, index);
+        if(json_get<Json, bool>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "readable")) && json_get<Json, bool>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "list_visible")) && json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(field, "value_type")) != "object") {
             list_fields.push_back(field);
         }
     }
     std::stable_sort(list_fields.begin(), list_fields.end(), [](const Json& left, const Json& right) {
-        return left.at("order").get<int>() < right.at("order").get<int>();
+        return json_get<Json, int>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(left, "order")) < json_get<Json, int>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(right, "order"));
     });
     for(const auto& field : list_fields) {
-        columns.push_back(make_amis_column(field));
+        json_append(columns, make_amis_column<Json>(field));
     }
     if(status_descriptor) {
-        columns.push_back(make_amis_object_status_column(*status_descriptor, base_api + "/${id}/status", status_interval, list.at("view_status_label").get<std::string>()));
+        json_append(columns, make_amis_object_status_column<Json>(*status_descriptor, base_api + "/${id}/status", status_interval, json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "view_status_label"))));
     }
-    const std::string create_label = list.at("create_label").get<std::string>();
-    const std::string edit_label = list.at("edit_label").get<std::string>();
-    const Json create_form{{"type", "form"}, {"api", Json{{"method", "post"}, {"url", base_api}}}, {"reload", crud_id}, {"body", make_amis_form_body(descriptor, "creatable")}, {"actions", make_amis_form_actions(create_label)}};
-    const Json edit_form{{"type", "form"}, {"api", Json{{"method", "put"}, {"url", base_api + "/${id}"}}}, {"reload", crud_id}, {"body", make_amis_form_body(descriptor, "editable")}, {"actions", make_amis_form_actions(list.at("confirm_label").get<std::string>())}};
-    const Json create_button{{"type", "button"}, {"label", create_label}, {"level", "primary"}, {"actionType", "dialog"}, {"dialog", Json{{"title", create_label + " " + descriptor.at("label").get<std::string>()}, {"body", create_form}}}};
-    Json actions = Json::array();
-    actions.push_back(Json{{"type", "button"}, {"label", edit_label}, {"level", "link"}, {"actionType", "dialog"}, {"dialog", Json{{"title", edit_label + " " + descriptor.at("label").get<std::string>()}, {"body", edit_form}}}});
-    actions.push_back(Json{{"type", "button"}, {"label", list.at("delete_label")}, {"level", "link"}, {"className", "text-danger"}, {"actionType", "ajax"}, {"confirmText", list.at("delete_confirm")}, {"api", Json{{"method", "delete"}, {"url", base_api + "/${id}"}}}, {"reload", crud_id}});
-    columns.push_back(Json{{"type", "operation"}, {"label", list.at("actions_label")}, {"buttons", std::move(actions)}});
-    const Json columns_toggler{{"type", "columns-toggler"}, {"draggable", list.at("column_reorderable")}};
-    Json crud{{"type", "crud"}, {"id", crud_id}, {"api", Json{{"method", "get"}, {"url", base_api}}}, {"syncLocation", false}, {"primaryField", "id"}, {"headerToolbar", Json::array({columns_toggler, "reload", create_button})}, {"columns", std::move(columns)}};
-    const std::string default_order_by = list.at("default_order_by").get<std::string>();
+    const std::string create_label = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "create_label"));
+    const std::string edit_label = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "edit_label"));
+    Json create_api = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(create_api, "method", "post");
+    json_set(create_api, "url", base_api);
+    Json create_form = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(create_form, "type", "form");
+    json_set(create_form, "api", std::move(create_api));
+    json_set(create_form, "reload", crud_id);
+    json_set(create_form, "body", make_amis_form_body<Json>(descriptor, "creatable"));
+    json_set(create_form, "actions", make_amis_form_actions<Json>(create_label));
+    Json edit_api = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(edit_api, "method", "put");
+    json_set(edit_api, "url", base_api + "/${id}");
+    Json edit_form = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(edit_form, "type", "form");
+    json_set(edit_form, "api", std::move(edit_api));
+    json_set(edit_form, "reload", crud_id);
+    json_set(edit_form, "body", make_amis_form_body<Json>(descriptor, "editable"));
+    json_set(edit_form, "actions", make_amis_form_actions<Json>(json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "confirm_label"))));
+    Json create_dialog = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(create_dialog, "title", create_label + " " + json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "label")));
+    json_set(create_dialog, "body", std::move(create_form));
+    Json create_button = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(create_button, "type", "button");
+    json_set(create_button, "label", create_label);
+    json_set(create_button, "level", "primary");
+    json_set(create_button, "actionType", "dialog");
+    json_set(create_button, "dialog", std::move(create_dialog));
+    Json edit_dialog = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(edit_dialog, "title", edit_label + " " + json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "label")));
+    json_set(edit_dialog, "body", std::move(edit_form));
+    Json edit_button = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(edit_button, "type", "button");
+    json_set(edit_button, "label", edit_label);
+    json_set(edit_button, "level", "link");
+    json_set(edit_button, "actionType", "dialog");
+    json_set(edit_button, "dialog", std::move(edit_dialog));
+    Json delete_api = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(delete_api, "method", "delete");
+    json_set(delete_api, "url", base_api + "/${id}");
+    Json delete_button = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(delete_button, "type", "button");
+    json_set(delete_button, "label", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "delete_label"));
+    json_set(delete_button, "level", "link");
+    json_set(delete_button, "className", "text-danger");
+    json_set(delete_button, "actionType", "ajax");
+    json_set(delete_button, "confirmText", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "delete_confirm"));
+    json_set(delete_button, "api", std::move(delete_api));
+    json_set(delete_button, "reload", crud_id);
+    Json buttons = json_array<Json>();
+    json_append(buttons, std::move(edit_button));
+    json_append(buttons, std::move(delete_button));
+    Json operation = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(operation, "type", "operation");
+    json_set(operation, "label", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "actions_label"));
+    json_set(operation, "buttons", std::move(buttons));
+    json_append(columns, std::move(operation));
+    Json toggler = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(toggler, "type", "columns-toggler");
+    json_set(toggler, "draggable", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "column_reorderable"));
+    Json toolbar = json_array<Json>();
+    json_append(toolbar, std::move(toggler));
+    json_append(toolbar, "reload");
+    json_append(toolbar, std::move(create_button));
+    Json crud_api = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(crud_api, "method", "get");
+    json_set(crud_api, "url", base_api);
+    Json crud = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(crud, "type", "crud");
+    json_set(crud, "id", crud_id);
+    json_set(crud, "api", std::move(crud_api));
+    json_set(crud, "syncLocation", false);
+    json_set(crud, "primaryField", "id");
+    json_set(crud, "headerToolbar", std::move(toolbar));
+    json_set(crud, "columns", std::move(columns));
+    const std::string default_order_by = json_get<Json, std::string>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "default_order_by"));
     if(!default_order_by.empty()) {
-        crud["defaultParams"] = Json{{"orderBy", default_order_by}, {"orderDir", list.at("default_order_dir")}};
+        Json params = json_object<Json>();
+        json_set(params, "orderBy", default_order_by);
+        json_set(params, "orderDir", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "default_order_dir"));
+        json_set(crud, "defaultParams", std::move(params));
     }
-    if(list.at("user_reorderable").get<bool>()) {
-        crud["draggable"] = true;
-        crud["saveOrderApi"] = Json{{"method", "post"}, {"url", base_api + "/order"}};
+    if(json_get<Json, bool>(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "user_reorderable"))) {
+        json_set(crud, "draggable", true);
+        Json order_api = json_object<Json>();
+        json_set(order_api, "method", "post");
+        json_set(order_api, "url", base_api + "/order");
+        json_set(crud, "saveOrderApi", std::move(order_api));
     }
-    return Json{{"type", "page"}, {"title", list.at("management_label")}, {"body", std::move(crud)}};
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(result, "type", "page");
+    json_set(result, "title", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(list, "management_label"));
+    json_set(result, "body", std::move(crud));
+    return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_amis_crud_status_schema(std::string base_api, std::string status_api, const Json* object_status_descriptor = nullptr, std::uint64_t object_status_interval = 2000) {
-    Json result = to_amis_crud_schema<T>(std::move(base_api), object_status_descriptor, object_status_interval);
-    Json crud = std::move(result.at("body"));
-    result["body"] = Json::array({make_amis_status_service(std::move(status_api)), std::move(crud)});
+    Json result = to_amis_crud_schema<Json, T>(std::move(base_api), object_status_descriptor, object_status_interval);
+    Json crud = std::move(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(result, "body"));
+    Json body = json_array<Json>();
+    json_append(body, make_amis_status_service<Json>(std::move(status_api)));
+    json_append(body, std::move(crud));
+    json_set(result, "body", std::move(body));
     return result;
 }
 }
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/descriptor.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/descriptor.hpp
index 1b894e8..fd08ea1 100644
--- a/backend/include/adminive/descriptor.hpp
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/descriptor.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
+#include "adminive/adapter.hpp"
 #include "adminive/concepts.hpp"
-#include "magic_enum/magic_enum.hpp"
 #include <cctype>
 #include <concepts>
 #include <map>
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ template <class T>
 concept Described_Type = requires {
     { Type_Descriptor<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>::get() };
 };
+template <class T>
+concept Reflected_Type = requires {
+    { Reflection_Adapter<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>::field_count } -> std::convertible_to<std::size_t>;
+};
 template <auto Member>
 struct Member_Pointer_Traits;
 template <class Owner, class Member_Type, Member_Type Owner::*Member>
@@ -25,12 +29,40 @@ struct Member_Pointer_Traits<Member> {
     using member_type = Member_Type;
     static constexpr auto value = Member;
 };
+template <auto Member>
+struct Member_Field_Accessor {
+    using owner_type = typename Member_Pointer_Traits<Member>::owner_type;
+    using member_type = typename Member_Pointer_Traits<Member>::member_type;
+    template <class Object>
+    static decltype(auto) get(Object& object) noexcept {
+        return object.*Member;
+    }
+    template <class Object>
+    static decltype(auto) get(const Object& object) noexcept {
+        return object.*Member;
+    }
+};
+template <class T, std::size_t Index>
+struct Reflected_Field_Accessor {
+    using owner_type = T;
+    using reference_type = decltype(Reflection_Adapter<T>::template get<Index>(std::declval<T&>()));
+    using const_reference_type = decltype(Reflection_Adapter<T>::template get<Index>(std::declval<const T&>()));
+    using member_type = std::remove_cvref_t<reference_type>;
+    static_assert(std::is_lvalue_reference_v<reference_type>);
+    static_assert(std::is_lvalue_reference_v<const_reference_type>);
+    static decltype(auto) get(T& object) noexcept(noexcept(Reflection_Adapter<T>::template get<Index>(object))) {
+        return Reflection_Adapter<T>::template get<Index>(object);
+    }
+    static decltype(auto) get(const T& object) noexcept(noexcept(Reflection_Adapter<T>::template get<Index>(object))) {
+        return Reflection_Adapter<T>::template get<Index>(object);
+    }
+};
 inline std::string make_label(std::string_view name) {
     std::string result;
     result.reserve(name.size());
     bool uppercase = true;
-    for(const char value : name) {
-        if(value == '_') {
+    for (const char value : name) {
+        if (value == '_') {
             result.push_back(' ');
             uppercase = true;
             continue;
@@ -40,90 +72,104 @@ inline std::string make_label(std::string_view name) {
     }
     return result;
 }
-template <auto Member>
-class Field_Descriptor {
+template <class Derived, class Accessor>
+class Field_Descriptor_Base {
 public:
-    using owner_type = typename Member_Pointer_Traits<Member>::owner_type;
-    using member_type = typename Member_Pointer_Traits<Member>::member_type;
-    static constexpr auto member = Member;
-    explicit Field_Descriptor(std::string name) : name_(std::move(name)), label_(make_label(name_)) {}
-    Field_Descriptor(std::string name, std::string label) : name_(std::move(name)), label_(std::move(label)) {}
-    Field_Descriptor editable(bool value = true) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    using owner_type = typename Accessor::owner_type;
+    using member_type = typename Accessor::member_type;
+    explicit Field_Descriptor_Base(std::string name) : name_(std::move(name)), label_(make_label(name_)) {}
+    Field_Descriptor_Base(std::string name, std::string label) : name_(std::move(name)), label_(std::move(label)) {}
+    Derived editable(bool value = true) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.editable_ = value;
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor creatable(bool value = true) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived creatable(bool value = true) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.creatable_ = value;
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor readable(bool value = true) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived readable(bool value = true) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.readable_ = value;
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor visible(bool value = true) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived visible(bool value = true) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.visible_ = value;
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor required(bool value = true) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived required(bool value = true) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.required_ = value;
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor list_visible(bool value = true) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived list_visible(bool value = true) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.list_visible_ = value;
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor label(std::string value) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived label(std::string value) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.label_ = std::move(value);
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor description(std::string value) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived description(std::string value) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.description_ = std::move(value);
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor widget(std::string value) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived widget(std::string value) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.widget_ = std::move(value);
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor visible_on(std::string value) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived visible_on(std::string value) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.visible_on_ = std::move(value);
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor list_label(std::string value) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived list_label(std::string value) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.list_label_ = std::move(value);
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor order(int value) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived order(int value) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.order_ = value;
         return result;
     }
-    Field_Descriptor sortable(bool value = true) const {
-        auto result = *this;
+    Derived sortable(bool value = true) const {
+        auto result = derived();
         result.sortable_ = value;
         return result;
     }
     template <auto Value>
-    requires std::is_enum_v<member_type> && std::same_as<decltype(Value), member_type>
-    Field_Descriptor enum_label(std::string label) const {
-        const auto name = magic_enum::enum_name(Value);
-        if(name.empty()) {
-            throw std::invalid_argument("enum value is outside the magic_enum reflection range");
+        requires Enum_Type<std::remove_cv_t<decltype(Value)>>
+    Derived enum_label(std::string label) const {
+        const auto name = enum_name(Value);
+        if (name.empty()) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument("enum adapter returned an empty value name");
         }
-        auto result = *this;
+        auto result = derived();
         result.enum_labels_.insert_or_assign(std::string(name), std::move(label));
         return result;
     }
+    Derived enum_label(std::string value_name, std::string label) const {
+        auto result = derived();
+        result.enum_labels_.insert_or_assign(std::move(value_name), std::move(label));
+        return result;
+    }
+    template <class Object>
+        requires std::convertible_to<std::remove_reference_t<Object>*, owner_type*>
+    decltype(auto) get(Object& object) const noexcept(noexcept(Accessor::get(object))) {
+        return Accessor::get(object);
+    }
+    template <class Object>
+        requires std::convertible_to<const std::remove_reference_t<Object>*, const owner_type*>
+    decltype(auto) get(const Object& object) const noexcept(noexcept(Accessor::get(object))) {
+        return Accessor::get(object);
+    }
     const std::string& name() const noexcept {
         return name_;
     }
@@ -169,6 +215,10 @@ public:
     bool is_list_visible() const noexcept {
         return list_visible_;
     }
+protected:
+    const Derived& derived() const noexcept {
+        return static_cast<const Derived&>(*this);
+    }
 private:
     std::string name_;
     std::string label_;
@@ -186,10 +236,26 @@ private:
     int order_{-1};
     bool sortable_{};
 };
+template <auto Member>
+class Field_Descriptor : public Field_Descriptor_Base<Field_Descriptor<Member>, Member_Field_Accessor<Member>> {
+public:
+    using Base = Field_Descriptor_Base<Field_Descriptor<Member>, Member_Field_Accessor<Member>>;
+    using Base::Base;
+    static constexpr auto member = Member;
+};
+template <class T, std::size_t Index>
+class Reflected_Field_Descriptor : public Field_Descriptor_Base<Reflected_Field_Descriptor<T, Index>, Reflected_Field_Accessor<T, Index>> {
+public:
+    using Base = Field_Descriptor_Base<Reflected_Field_Descriptor<T, Index>, Reflected_Field_Accessor<T, Index>>;
+    using Base::Base;
+    static constexpr std::size_t index = Index;
+};
 template <class T>
 struct Is_Field_Descriptor : std::false_type {};
 template <auto Member>
 struct Is_Field_Descriptor<Field_Descriptor<Member>> : std::true_type {};
+template <class T, std::size_t Index>
+struct Is_Field_Descriptor<Reflected_Field_Descriptor<T, Index>> : std::true_type {};
 template <class T>
 concept Field_Descriptor_Type = Is_Field_Descriptor<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>::value;
 template <auto Member>
@@ -200,6 +266,16 @@ template <auto Member>
 auto field(std::string name, std::string label) {
     return Field_Descriptor<Member>(std::move(name), std::move(label));
 }
+template <Reflected_Type T, std::size_t Index>
+auto reflected_field() {
+    static_assert(Index < static_cast<std::size_t>(Reflection_Adapter<T>::field_count));
+    return Reflected_Field_Descriptor<T, Index>(std::string(Reflection_Adapter<T>::template name<Index>()));
+}
+template <Reflected_Type T, std::size_t Index>
+auto reflected_field(std::string label) {
+    static_assert(Index < static_cast<std::size_t>(Reflection_Adapter<T>::field_count));
+    return Reflected_Field_Descriptor<T, Index>(std::string(Reflection_Adapter<T>::template name<Index>()), std::move(label));
+}
 struct No_Object_Validator {
     template <class T>
     void operator()(const T&) const noexcept {}
@@ -212,7 +288,7 @@ struct Object_List_Options {
     std::string actions_label{"Actions"};
     std::string confirm_label{"Confirm Changes"};
     std::string delete_confirm{"Delete this record?"};
-    std::string view_status_label{"View status ▾"};
+    std::string view_status_label{"View status"};
     std::string management_label;
     std::string default_order_by;
     std::string default_order_dir{"asc"};
@@ -319,15 +395,42 @@ private:
 };
 template <class T, Field_Descriptor_Type... Fields>
 auto object(std::string name, Fields... fields) {
-    static_assert((std::same_as<typename Fields::owner_type, T> && ...));
+    static_assert((std::convertible_to<T*, typename Fields::owner_type*> && ...));
     const auto label = make_label(name);
     return Object_Descriptor<T, No_Object_Validator, Fields...>(std::move(name), label, No_Object_Validator{}, std::tuple<Fields...>(std::move(fields)...));
 }
 template <class T, Field_Descriptor_Type... Fields>
 auto object(std::string name, std::string label, Fields... fields) {
-    static_assert((std::same_as<typename Fields::owner_type, T> && ...));
+    static_assert((std::convertible_to<T*, typename Fields::owner_type*> && ...));
     return Object_Descriptor<T, No_Object_Validator, Fields...>(std::move(name), std::move(label), No_Object_Validator{}, std::tuple<Fields...>(std::move(fields)...));
 }
+struct Identity_Field_Customizer {
+    template <std::size_t Index, Field_Descriptor_Type Field>
+    auto operator()(Field value) const {
+        return value;
+    }
+};
+template <Reflected_Type T, class Customizer, std::size_t... Indexes>
+auto reflected_object_with_impl(std::string name, std::string label, Customizer customizer, std::index_sequence<Indexes...>) {
+    return object<T>(std::move(name), std::move(label), customizer.template operator()<Indexes>(reflected_field<T, Indexes>())...);
+}
+template <Reflected_Type T, class Customizer>
+auto reflected_object_with(std::string name, Customizer customizer) {
+    const auto label = make_label(name);
+    return reflected_object_with_impl<T>(std::move(name), label, std::move(customizer), std::make_index_sequence<static_cast<std::size_t>(Reflection_Adapter<T>::field_count)>{});
+}
+template <Reflected_Type T, class Customizer>
+auto reflected_object_with(std::string name, std::string label, Customizer customizer) {
+    return reflected_object_with_impl<T>(std::move(name), std::move(label), std::move(customizer), std::make_index_sequence<static_cast<std::size_t>(Reflection_Adapter<T>::field_count)>{});
+}
+template <Reflected_Type T>
+auto reflected_object(std::string name) {
+    return reflected_object_with<T>(std::move(name), Identity_Field_Customizer{});
+}
+template <Reflected_Type T>
+auto reflected_object(std::string name, std::string label) {
+    return reflected_object_with<T>(std::move(name), std::move(label), Identity_Field_Customizer{});
+}
 template <Described_Type T>
 auto describe() {
     return Type_Descriptor<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>::get();
@@ -335,3 +438,5 @@ auto describe() {
 }
 #define ADMINIVE_FIELD(Type, Member) ::adminive::field<&Type::Member>(#Member)
 #define ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(Type, Member, Label) ::adminive::field<&Type::Member>(#Member, Label)
+#define ADMINIVE_REFLECTED_FIELD(Type, Index) ::adminive::reflected_field<Type, Index>()
+#define ADMINIVE_REFLECTED_FIELD_LABEL(Type, Index, Label) ::adminive::reflected_field<Type, Index>(Label)
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/http.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/http.hpp
index 8513360..8c5917f 100644
--- a/backend/include/adminive/http.hpp
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/http.hpp
@@ -13,14 +13,30 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 namespace adminive {
-inline void write_http_json(httplib::Response& response, const Json& value) {
-    response.set_content(value.dump(2), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
+template <Json_Type Json>
+void write_http_json(httplib::Response& response, const Json& value) {
+    response.set_content(dump_json(value, 2), "application/json; charset=utf-8");
 }
-inline void write_http_error(httplib::Response& response, int status, const Update_Result& result) {
+template <Json_Type Json, class Data>
+Json make_http_result(int status, std::string message, Data&& data) {
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(result, "status", status);
+    json_set(result, "msg", std::move(message));
+    json_set(result, "data", std::forward<Data>(data));
+    return result;
+}
+template <Json_Type Json>
+void write_http_error(httplib::Response& response, int status, const Update_Result& update) {
     response.status = status;
-    write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", status}, {"msg", result.message}, {"data", Json::object()}, {"errors", result.field_errors}});
+    Json result = make_http_result<Json>(status, update.message, json_object<Json>());
+    Json errors = json_object<Json>();
+    for(const auto& [name, message] : update.field_errors) {
+        json_set(errors, name, message);
+    }
+    json_set(result, "errors", std::move(errors));
+    write_http_json(response, result);
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Described_Type T, Json_Type Json>
 requires std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 class Http_Resource {
 public:
@@ -28,37 +44,37 @@ public:
     Http_Resource(T& value, std::string path, Commit_Function commit = {}, std::mutex* shared_mutex = nullptr) : value_(value), path_(std::move(path)), commit_(std::move(commit)), shared_mutex_(shared_mutex) {}
     Json amis_schema() const {
         std::scoped_lock lock(resource_mutex());
-        return to_amis_form_schema(value_, path_ + "/data", describe<T>().list_options().confirm_label);
+        return to_amis_form_schema<Json>(value_, path_ + "/data", describe<T>().list_options().confirm_label);
     }
     void bind(httplib::Server& server) {
         server.Get(path_ + "/descriptor", [this](const httplib::Request&, httplib::Response& response) {
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", to_descriptor_json<T>()}});
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "", to_descriptor_json<Json, T>()));
         });
         server.Get(path_ + "/data", [this](const httplib::Request&, httplib::Response& response) {
             std::scoped_lock lock(resource_mutex());
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", to_frontend_json(value_)}});
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "", to_frontend_json<Json>(value_)));
         });
         server.Get(path_ + "/amis", [this](const httplib::Request&, httplib::Response& response) {
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", amis_schema()}});
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "", amis_schema()));
         });
         server.Post(path_ + "/data", [this](const httplib::Request& request, httplib::Response& response) {
             try {
-                const Json patch = Json::parse(request.body);
+                const Json patch = parse_json<Json>(request.body);
                 std::scoped_lock lock(resource_mutex());
                 T candidate = value_;
-                const auto result = apply_frontend_patch(candidate, patch);
+                const auto result = apply_frontend_patch<Json>(candidate, patch);
                 if(!result.success) {
-                    write_http_error(response, 422, result);
+                    write_http_error<Json>(response, 422, result);
                     return;
                 }
                 if(commit_) {
                     commit_(candidate);
                 }
                 value_ = std::move(candidate);
-                write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", result.message}, {"data", to_frontend_json(value_)}});
+                write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, result.message, to_frontend_json<Json>(value_)));
             } catch(const std::exception& error) {
                 response.status = 400;
-                write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 400}, {"msg", error.what()}, {"data", Json::object()}});
+                write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(400, error.what(), json_object<Json>()));
             }
         });
     }
@@ -72,7 +88,7 @@ private:
     std::mutex* shared_mutex_{};
     mutable std::mutex mutex_;
 };
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Described_Type T, Json_Type Json>
 requires std::default_initializable<T> && std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 class Http_Collection_Resource {
 public:
@@ -83,16 +99,15 @@ public:
     }
     template <auto Function>
     void register_status(std::uint64_t interval = 2000) {
-        static_assert(std::is_member_function_pointer_v<decltype(Function)>);
-        using Traits = Member_Function_Traits<Function>;
-        using Owner = typename Traits::owner_type;
-        using Status = std::remove_cvref_t<typename Traits::result_type>;
-        static_assert(std::same_as<Owner, T>);
+        using Function_Type = decltype(Function);
+        static_assert(std::is_member_function_pointer_v<Function_Type>);
+        static_assert(std::is_invocable_v<Function_Type, T&>);
+        using Status = std::remove_cvref_t<std::invoke_result_t<Function_Type, T&>>;
         static_assert(Described_Type<Status>);
-        status_descriptor_ = to_status_descriptor_json<Status>();
+        status_descriptor_ = to_status_descriptor_json<Json, Status>();
         status_interval_ = interval;
         status_reader_ = [](T& value) {
-            return to_status_json(std::invoke(Function, value));
+            return to_status_json<Json>(std::invoke(Function, value));
         };
     }
     std::size_t size() const {
@@ -101,29 +116,29 @@ public:
     }
     Json items_json() const {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mutex_);
-        Json items = Json::array();
+        Json items = json_array<Json>();
         for(const auto& entry : entries_) {
-            items.push_back(encode_entry(entry));
+            json_append(items, encode_entry(entry));
         }
         return items;
     }
     Json amis_schema() const {
         const Json* descriptor = status_reader_ ? &status_descriptor_ : nullptr;
         if(overview_status_api_.empty()) {
-            return to_amis_crud_schema<T>(path_, descriptor, status_interval_);
+            return to_amis_crud_schema<Json, T>(path_, descriptor, status_interval_);
         }
-        return to_amis_crud_status_schema<T>(path_, overview_status_api_, descriptor, status_interval_);
+        return to_amis_crud_status_schema<Json, T>(path_, overview_status_api_, descriptor, status_interval_);
     }
     void bind(httplib::Server& server) {
         server.Get(path_ + "/descriptor", [this](const httplib::Request&, httplib::Response& response) {
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", to_descriptor_json<T>()}});
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "", to_descriptor_json<Json, T>()));
         });
         server.Get(path_ + "/amis", [this](const httplib::Request&, httplib::Response& response) {
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", amis_schema()}});
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "", amis_schema()));
         });
         if(status_reader_) {
             server.Get(path_ + "/status/descriptor", [this](const httplib::Request&, httplib::Response& response) {
-                write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", status_descriptor_}});
+                write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "", status_descriptor_));
             });
             server.Get(status_pattern(), [this](const httplib::Request& request, httplib::Response& response) {
                 const auto id = read_route_id(request);
@@ -133,7 +148,7 @@ public:
                     write_not_found(response);
                     return;
                 }
-                write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", status_reader_(iterator->value)}});
+                write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "", status_reader_(iterator->value)));
             });
         }
         server.Get(path_, [this](const httplib::Request& request, httplib::Response& response) {
@@ -148,11 +163,14 @@ public:
             apply_request_sort(request, ordered_entries);
             const std::size_t offset = std::min((page - 1) * per_page, ordered_entries.size());
             const std::size_t end = std::min(offset + per_page, ordered_entries.size());
-            Json items = Json::array();
+            Json items = json_array<Json>();
             for(std::size_t index = offset; index < end; ++index) {
-                items.push_back(encode_entry(*ordered_entries[index]));
+                json_append(items, encode_entry(*ordered_entries[index]));
             }
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", Json{{"items", std::move(items)}, {"total", ordered_entries.size()}}}});
+            Json data = json_object<Json>();
+            json_set(data, "items", std::move(items));
+            json_set(data, "total", ordered_entries.size());
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "", std::move(data)));
         });
         server.Get(item_pattern(), [this](const httplib::Request& request, httplib::Response& response) {
             const auto id = read_route_id(request);
@@ -162,37 +180,37 @@ public:
                 write_not_found(response);
                 return;
             }
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", encode_entry(*iterator)}});
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "", encode_entry(*iterator)));
         });
         server.Post(path_, [this](const httplib::Request& request, httplib::Response& response) {
             try {
-                Json input = Json::parse(request.body);
-                input.erase("id");
+                Json input = parse_json<Json>(request.body);
+                Json_Adapter<Json>::erase(input, "id");
                 T value{};
-                const auto result = apply_frontend_create(value, input);
+                const auto result = apply_frontend_create<Json>(value, input);
                 if(!result.success) {
-                    write_http_error(response, 422, result);
+                    write_http_error<Json>(response, 422, result);
                     return;
                 }
                 std::scoped_lock lock(mutex_);
                 entries_.push_back(Entry{next_id_++, std::move(value)});
-                write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", "created"}, {"data", encode_entry(entries_.back())}});
+                write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "created", encode_entry(entries_.back())));
             } catch(const std::exception& error) {
                 response.status = 400;
-                write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 400}, {"msg", error.what()}, {"data", Json::object()}});
+                write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(400, error.what(), json_object<Json>()));
             }
         });
         if(describe<T>().list_options().user_reorderable_) {
             server.Post(path_ + "/order", [this](const httplib::Request& request, httplib::Response& response) {
                 try {
-                    const Json input = Json::parse(request.body);
-                    const auto ids = read_order_ids(input.at("ids"));
+                    const Json input = parse_json<Json>(request.body);
+                    const auto ids = read_order_ids(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(input, "ids"));
                     std::scoped_lock lock(mutex_);
                     reorder(ids);
-                    write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", "reordered"}, {"data", Json::object()}});
+                    write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "reordered", json_object<Json>()));
                 } catch(const std::exception& error) {
                     response.status = 400;
-                    write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 400}, {"msg", error.what()}, {"data", Json::object()}});
+                    write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(400, error.what(), json_object<Json>()));
                 }
             });
         }
@@ -211,7 +229,7 @@ public:
                 return;
             }
             entries_.erase(iterator);
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", "deleted"}, {"data", Json::object()}});
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, "deleted", json_object<Json>()));
         });
     }
 private:
@@ -233,23 +251,23 @@ private:
         return value;
     }
     static int compare_json_values(const Json& left, const Json& right) {
-        if(left.is_number() && right.is_number()) {
-            const long double left_value = left.get<long double>();
-            const long double right_value = right.get<long double>();
+        if(Json_Adapter<Json>::is_number(left) && Json_Adapter<Json>::is_number(right)) {
+            const long double left_value = Json_Adapter<Json>::number(left);
+            const long double right_value = Json_Adapter<Json>::number(right);
             return left_value < right_value ? -1 : left_value > right_value ? 1 : 0;
         }
-        if(left.is_string() && right.is_string()) {
-            const auto& left_value = left.get_ref<const std::string&>();
-            const auto& right_value = right.get_ref<const std::string&>();
+        if(Json_Adapter<Json>::is_string(left) && Json_Adapter<Json>::is_string(right)) {
+            const auto left_value = json_get<Json, std::string>(left);
+            const auto right_value = json_get<Json, std::string>(right);
             return left_value < right_value ? -1 : left_value > right_value ? 1 : 0;
         }
-        if(left.is_boolean() && right.is_boolean()) {
-            const bool left_value = left.get<bool>();
-            const bool right_value = right.get<bool>();
+        if(Json_Adapter<Json>::is_boolean(left) && Json_Adapter<Json>::is_boolean(right)) {
+            const bool left_value = json_get<Json, bool>(left);
+            const bool right_value = json_get<Json, bool>(right);
             return left_value == right_value ? 0 : left_value ? 1 : -1;
         }
-        const std::string left_value = left.dump();
-        const std::string right_value = right.dump();
+        const std::string left_value = dump_json(left);
+        const std::string right_value = dump_json(right);
         return left_value < right_value ? -1 : left_value > right_value ? 1 : 0;
     }
     static bool is_sortable_field(const std::string& name) {
@@ -273,13 +291,14 @@ private:
     }
     static std::vector<std::uint64_t> read_order_ids(const Json& value) {
         std::vector<std::uint64_t> result;
-        if(value.is_array()) {
-            for(const auto& item : value) {
-                result.push_back(item.is_string() ? std::stoull(item.get<std::string>()) : item.get<std::uint64_t>());
+        if(Json_Adapter<Json>::is_array(value)) {
+            for(std::size_t index = 0; index < Json_Adapter<Json>::size(value); ++index) {
+                const auto& item = Json_Adapter<Json>::at(value, index);
+                result.push_back(Json_Adapter<Json>::is_string(item) ? std::stoull(json_get<Json, std::string>(item)) : json_get<Json, std::uint64_t>(item));
             }
             return result;
         }
-        std::string text = value.get<std::string>();
+        const std::string text = json_get<Json, std::string>(value);
         std::size_t begin{};
         while(begin < text.size()) {
             const auto end = text.find(',', begin);
@@ -308,7 +327,9 @@ private:
             if(order_by == "id") {
                 comparison = left->id < right->id ? -1 : left->id > right->id ? 1 : 0;
             } else {
-                comparison = compare_json_values(to_frontend_json(left->value).at(order_by), to_frontend_json(right->value).at(order_by));
+                const auto left_json = to_frontend_json<Json>(left->value);
+                const auto right_json = to_frontend_json<Json>(right->value);
+                comparison = compare_json_values(Json_Adapter<Json>::at(left_json, order_by), Json_Adapter<Json>::at(right_json, order_by));
             }
             return descending ? comparison > 0 : comparison < 0;
         });
@@ -325,13 +346,13 @@ private:
         });
     }
     static Json encode_entry(const Entry& entry) {
-        Json result = to_frontend_json(entry.value);
-        result["id"] = entry.id;
+        Json result = to_frontend_json<Json>(entry.value);
+        json_set(result, "id", entry.id);
         return result;
     }
     static void write_not_found(httplib::Response& response) {
         response.status = 404;
-        write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 404}, {"msg", "record not found"}, {"data", Json::object()}});
+        write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(404, "record not found", json_object<Json>()));
     }
     void reorder(const std::vector<std::uint64_t>& ids) {
         std::vector<Entry> remaining = std::move(entries_);
@@ -353,8 +374,8 @@ private:
     }
     void update(const httplib::Request& request, httplib::Response& response) {
         try {
-            Json patch = Json::parse(request.body);
-            patch.erase("id");
+            Json patch = parse_json<Json>(request.body);
+            Json_Adapter<Json>::erase(patch, "id");
             const auto id = read_route_id(request);
             std::scoped_lock lock(mutex_);
             const auto iterator = find_entry(id);
@@ -362,20 +383,20 @@ private:
                 write_not_found(response);
                 return;
             }
-            const auto result = apply_frontend_patch(iterator->value, patch);
+            const auto result = apply_frontend_patch<Json>(iterator->value, patch);
             if(!result.success) {
-                write_http_error(response, 422, result);
+                write_http_error<Json>(response, 422, result);
                 return;
             }
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", result.message}, {"data", encode_entry(*iterator)}});
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(0, result.message, encode_entry(*iterator)));
         } catch(const std::exception& error) {
             response.status = 400;
-            write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 400}, {"msg", error.what()}, {"data", Json::object()}});
+            write_http_json(response, make_http_result<Json>(400, error.what(), json_object<Json>()));
         }
     }
     std::string path_;
     std::string overview_status_api_;
-    Json status_descriptor_;
+    Json status_descriptor_{};
     std::function<Json(T&)> status_reader_;
     std::uint64_t status_interval_{2000};
     std::vector<Entry> entries_;
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/json.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/json.hpp
index fcc28ba..fa41671 100644
--- a/backend/include/adminive/json.hpp
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/json.hpp
@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
 #pragma once
+#include "adminive/adapter.hpp"
 #include "adminive/descriptor.hpp"
-#include "magic_enum/magic_enum.hpp"
-#include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
+#include <concepts>
 #include <map>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 namespace adminive {
-using Json = nlohmann::json;
 struct Update_Result {
     bool success{};
     std::string message;
     std::map<std::string, std::string> field_errors;
+    template <Json_Type Json>
     Json to_json() const {
-        return Json{{"success", success}, {"message", message}, {"field_errors", field_errors}};
+        Json result = json_object<Json>();
+        json_set(result, "success", success);
+        json_set(result, "message", message);
+        Json errors = json_object<Json>();
+        for(const auto& [name, error] : field_errors) {
+            json_set(errors, name, error);
+        }
+        json_set(result, "field_errors", std::move(errors));
+        return result;
     }
 };
 class Json_Assignment_Error : public std::invalid_argument {
@@ -31,281 +39,329 @@ enum class Write_Mode {
     create,
     update
 };
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_json(const T& value);
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_frontend_json(const T& value);
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::default_initializable<T>
 Json to_descriptor_json();
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::default_initializable<T> && std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 Update_Result assign_json(T& target, const Json& value);
-template <class T>
+template <Json_Type Json, class T>
 void assign_json_value(T& target, const Json& value);
-template <class T>
+template <Json_Type Json, class T>
 Json encode_json_value(const T& value) {
-    using Value = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;
-    if constexpr (Range_Value_Type<Value> || Validated_Value_Type<Value>) {
-        return encode_json_value(value.value());
-    } else if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<Value>) {
-        const auto name = magic_enum::enum_name(value);
-        if (!name.empty()) {
-            return std::string(name);
+    using Storage = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;
+    using Value = Adapted_Value_Type<Storage, Json>;
+    if constexpr(Value_Adapter_With_Encode<Storage, Json>) {
+        return Value_Adapter<Storage, Json>::encode(value);
+    } else if constexpr(!std::same_as<Storage, Value>) {
+        return encode_json_value<Json>(read_adapted_value<Storage, Json>(value));
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_enum_v<Value>) {
+        static_assert(Enum_Type<Value>, "enum type requires an adminive::Enum_Adapter specialization");
+        const auto name = enum_name(value);
+        if(!name.empty()) {
+            return json_scalar<Json>(std::string(name));
         }
-        return static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Value>>(value);
-    } else if constexpr (Described_Type<Value>) {
-        return to_json(value);
-    } else if constexpr (String_Key_Map_Type<Value>) {
-        Json result = Json::object();
-        for (const auto& [key, item] : value) {
-            result[std::string(key)] = encode_json_value(item);
+        return json_scalar<Json>(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<Value>>(value));
+    } else if constexpr(Described_Type<Value>) {
+        return to_json<Json>(value);
+    } else if constexpr(String_Key_Map_Type<Value>) {
+        Json result = json_object<Json>();
+        for(const auto& [key, item] : value) {
+            json_set(result, std::string(key), encode_json_value<Json>(item));
         }
         return result;
-    } else if constexpr (Sequence_Type<Value>) {
-        Json result = Json::array();
-        for (const auto& item : value) {
-            result.push_back(encode_json_value(item));
+    } else if constexpr(Sequence_Type<Value>) {
+        Json result = json_array<Json>();
+        for(const auto& item : value) {
+            json_append(result, encode_json_value<Json>(item));
         }
         return result;
     } else {
-        return value;
+        return json_scalar<Json>(value);
     }
 }
-template <class T>
+template <Json_Type Json, class T>
 void assign_json_value(T& target, const Json& value) {
-    using Value = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;
-    if constexpr (Range_Value_Type<Value> || Validated_Value_Type<Value>) {
-        using Inner = typename Value::value_type;
-        target = value.get<Inner>();
-    } else if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<Value>) {
-        if (value.is_string()) {
-            const auto parsed = magic_enum::enum_cast<Value>(value.get<std::string>());
-            if (!parsed) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("unknown enum value");
-            }
-            target = *parsed;
-        } else {
-            const auto parsed = magic_enum::enum_cast<Value>(value.get<std::underlying_type_t<Value>>());
-            if (!parsed) {
-                throw std::invalid_argument("unknown enum value");
-            }
-            target = *parsed;
+    using Storage = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;
+    using Value = Adapted_Value_Type<Storage, Json>;
+    if constexpr(Value_Adapter_With_Decode<Storage, Json>) {
+        Value_Adapter<Storage, Json>::decode(target, value);
+    } else if constexpr(!std::same_as<Storage, Value>) {
+        Value parsed{};
+        assign_json_value<Json>(parsed, value);
+        write_adapted_value<Storage, Json>(target, std::move(parsed));
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_enum_v<Value>) {
+        static_assert(Enum_Type<Value>, "enum type requires an adminive::Enum_Adapter specialization");
+        std::optional<Value> parsed;
+        if(Json_Adapter<Json>::is_string(value)) {
+            parsed = enum_cast<Value>(json_get<Json, std::string>(value));
+        } else if constexpr(Enum_Adapter_With_Underlying_Cast<Value>) {
+            parsed = Enum_Adapter<Value>::cast(json_get<Json, std::underlying_type_t<Value>>(value));
         }
-    } else if constexpr (Described_Type<Value>) {
-        const auto result = assign_json(target, value);
-        if (!result.success) {
+        if(!parsed) {
+            throw std::invalid_argument("unknown enum value");
+        }
+        target = *parsed;
+    } else if constexpr(Described_Type<Value>) {
+        const auto result = assign_json<Json>(target, value);
+        if(!result.success) {
             throw Json_Assignment_Error(result);
         }
-    } else if constexpr (String_Key_Map_Type<Value>) {
-        if (!value.is_object()) {
+    } else if constexpr(String_Key_Map_Type<Value>) {
+        if(!Json_Adapter<Json>::is_object(value)) {
             throw std::invalid_argument("value must be a JSON object");
         }
         Value parsed;
-        for (auto iterator = value.begin(); iterator != value.end(); ++iterator) {
+        for(const auto& key : Json_Adapter<Json>::keys(value)) {
             typename Value::mapped_type item{};
-            assign_json_value(item, iterator.value());
-            parsed.emplace(iterator.key(), std::move(item));
+            assign_json_value<Json>(item, Json_Adapter<Json>::at(value, key));
+            parsed.emplace(key, std::move(item));
         }
         target = std::move(parsed);
-    } else if constexpr (Sequence_Type<Value>) {
-        if (!value.is_array()) {
+    } else if constexpr(Sequence_Type<Value>) {
+        if(!Json_Adapter<Json>::is_array(value)) {
             throw std::invalid_argument("value must be a JSON array");
         }
         Value parsed;
-        for (const auto& source : value) {
+        for(std::size_t index = 0; index < Json_Adapter<Json>::size(value); ++index) {
             typename Value::value_type item{};
-            assign_json_value(item, source);
+            assign_json_value<Json>(item, Json_Adapter<Json>::at(value, index));
             parsed.push_back(std::move(item));
         }
         target = std::move(parsed);
     } else {
-        target = value.get<Value>();
+        target = json_get<Json, Value>(value);
     }
 }
-template <class T>
+template <Json_Type Json, class T>
 std::string value_type_name() {
-    using Value = Unwrapped_Value_Type<T>;
-    if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<Value>) {
+    using Storage = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;
+    using Value = Adapted_Value_Type<Storage, Json>;
+    if constexpr(Value_Adapter_With_Type_Name<Storage, Json>) {
+        return std::string(Value_Adapter<Storage, Json>::type_name);
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_enum_v<Value>) {
         return "enum";
-    } else if constexpr (std::same_as<Value, bool>) {
+    } else if constexpr(std::same_as<Value, bool>) {
         return "boolean";
-    } else if constexpr (std::integral<Value>) {
+    } else if constexpr(std::integral<Value>) {
         return "integer";
-    } else if constexpr (std::floating_point<Value>) {
+    } else if constexpr(std::floating_point<Value>) {
         return "number";
-    } else if constexpr (String_Type<Value>) {
+    } else if constexpr(String_Type<Value>) {
         return "string";
-    } else if constexpr (Described_Type<Value>) {
+    } else if constexpr(Described_Type<Value>) {
         return "object";
-    } else if constexpr (String_Key_Map_Type<Value>) {
+    } else if constexpr(String_Key_Map_Type<Value>) {
         return "map";
-    } else if constexpr (Sequence_Type<Value>) {
+    } else if constexpr(Sequence_Type<Value>) {
         return "array";
     } else {
         return "unknown";
     }
 }
-template <class T>
+template <Json_Type Json, class T>
 void append_constraints(Json& result) {
-    using Value = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;
-    if constexpr (Range_Value_Type<Value>) {
-        result["minimum"] = Value::minimum;
-        result["maximum"] = Value::maximum;
-        append_constraints<typename Value::value_type>(result);
-    } else if constexpr (Validated_Value_Type<Value>) {
-        using Validator = typename Value::validator_type;
-        if constexpr (Multiple_Of_Validator<Validator>) {
-            result["multiple_of"] = Validator::multiple_of;
-        }
-        if constexpr (Validator_With_Message<Validator>) {
-            result["validation_message"] = std::string(Validator::message);
-        }
-        append_constraints<typename Value::value_type>(result);
+    using Storage = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;
+    using Value = Adapted_Value_Type<Storage, Json>;
+    if constexpr(Value_Adapter_With_Minimum<Storage, Json>) {
+        json_set(result, "minimum", Value_Adapter<Storage, Json>::minimum);
+    }
+    if constexpr(Value_Adapter_With_Maximum<Storage, Json>) {
+        json_set(result, "maximum", Value_Adapter<Storage, Json>::maximum);
+    }
+    if constexpr(Value_Adapter_With_Multiple_Of<Storage, Json>) {
+        json_set(result, "multiple_of", Value_Adapter<Storage, Json>::multiple_of);
+    }
+    if constexpr(Value_Adapter_With_Validation_Message<Storage, Json>) {
+        json_set(result, "validation_message", std::string(Value_Adapter<Storage, Json>::validation_message));
+    }
+    if constexpr(!std::same_as<Storage, Value>) {
+        append_constraints<Json, Value>(result);
+    }
+    if constexpr(Value_Adapter_With_Schema<Storage, Json>) {
+        Value_Adapter<Storage, Json>::append_schema(result);
     }
 }
-template <class T>
+template <Json_Type Json, class T>
 Json enum_options(const std::map<std::string, std::string>& labels) {
-    using Value = Unwrapped_Value_Type<T>;
-    Json result = Json::array();
+    using Value = Adapted_Value_Type<T, Json>;
+    Json result = json_array<Json>();
     if constexpr(std::is_enum_v<Value>) {
-        for(const auto value : magic_enum::enum_values<Value>()) {
-            const std::string name(magic_enum::enum_name(value));
+        static_assert(Enum_Type<Value>, "enum type requires an adminive::Enum_Adapter specialization");
+        for(const auto value : enum_values<Value>()) {
+            const std::string name(enum_name(value));
             const auto iterator = labels.find(name);
-            result.push_back(Json{{"label", iterator == labels.end() ? make_label(name) : iterator->second}, {"value", name}});
+            Json option = json_object<Json>();
+            json_set(option, "label", iterator == labels.end() ? make_label(name) : iterator->second);
+            json_set(option, "value", name);
+            json_append(result, std::move(option));
         }
     }
     return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::default_initializable<T>
 Json to_descriptor_json() {
     const auto descriptor = describe<T>();
     T defaults{};
-    Json fields = Json::array();
+    Json fields = json_array<Json>();
     int default_order{};
     std::apply([&](const auto&... item) {
         ([&] {
             using Field = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(item)>;
             using Member = typename Field::member_type;
+            using Value = Adapted_Value_Type<Member, Json>;
             const int order = item.order() < 0 ? default_order : item.order();
             ++default_order;
-            Json field_json{{"name", item.name()}, {"label", item.label()}, {"list_label", item.list_label()}, {"value_type", value_type_name<Member>()}, {"readable", item.is_readable()}, {"editable", item.is_editable()}, {"creatable", item.is_creatable()}, {"visible", item.is_visible()}, {"required", item.is_required()}, {"list_visible", item.is_list_visible()}, {"order", order}, {"sortable", item.is_sortable()}, {"default", encode_json_value(defaults.*Field::member)}};
-            if (!item.description().empty()) {
-                field_json["description"] = item.description();
+            Json field_json = json_object<Json>();
+            json_set(field_json, "name", item.name());
+            json_set(field_json, "label", item.label());
+            json_set(field_json, "list_label", item.list_label());
+            json_set(field_json, "value_type", value_type_name<Json, Member>());
+            json_set(field_json, "readable", item.is_readable());
+            json_set(field_json, "editable", item.is_editable());
+            json_set(field_json, "creatable", item.is_creatable());
+            json_set(field_json, "visible", item.is_visible());
+            json_set(field_json, "required", item.is_required());
+            json_set(field_json, "list_visible", item.is_list_visible());
+            json_set(field_json, "order", order);
+            json_set(field_json, "sortable", item.is_sortable());
+            json_set(field_json, "default", encode_json_value<Json>(item.get(defaults)));
+            if(!item.description().empty()) {
+                json_set(field_json, "description", item.description());
             }
             if(!item.widget().empty()) {
-                field_json["widget"] = item.widget();
+                json_set(field_json, "widget", item.widget());
             }
             if(!item.visible_on().empty()) {
-                field_json["visible_on"] = item.visible_on();
+                json_set(field_json, "visible_on", item.visible_on());
             }
-            if constexpr(Described_Type<Member>) {
-                field_json["children"] = to_descriptor_json<Member>().at("fields");
+            if constexpr(Described_Type<Value>) {
+                json_set(field_json, "children", Json_Adapter<Json>::at(to_descriptor_json<Json, Value>(), "fields"));
             }
-            append_constraints<Member>(field_json);
-            const auto options = enum_options<Member>(item.enum_labels());
-            if (!options.empty()) {
-                field_json["options"] = options;
+            append_constraints<Json, Member>(field_json);
+            auto options = enum_options<Json, Member>(item.enum_labels());
+            if(Json_Adapter<Json>::size(options) != 0) {
+                json_set(field_json, "options", std::move(options));
             }
-            fields.push_back(std::move(field_json));
+            json_append(fields, std::move(field_json));
         }(), ...);
     }, descriptor.fields());
-    const auto& list_options = descriptor.list_options();
-    Json list{{"id_label", list_options.id_label}, {"create_label", list_options.create_label}, {"edit_label", list_options.edit_label}, {"delete_label", list_options.delete_label}, {"actions_label", list_options.actions_label}, {"confirm_label", list_options.confirm_label}, {"delete_confirm", list_options.delete_confirm}, {"view_status_label", list_options.view_status_label}, {"management_label", list_options.management_label.empty() ? descriptor.label() + " Management" : list_options.management_label}, {"default_order_by", list_options.default_order_by}, {"default_order_dir", list_options.default_order_dir}, {"user_reorderable", list_options.user_reorderable_}, {"column_reorderable", list_options.column_reorderable_}};
-    return Json{{"protocol", "adminive.resource"}, {"protocol_version", 1}, {"name", descriptor.name()}, {"label", descriptor.label()}, {"value_type", "object"}, {"list", std::move(list)}, {"fields", std::move(fields)}};
+    const auto& options = descriptor.list_options();
+    Json list = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(list, "id_label", options.id_label);
+    json_set(list, "create_label", options.create_label);
+    json_set(list, "edit_label", options.edit_label);
+    json_set(list, "delete_label", options.delete_label);
+    json_set(list, "actions_label", options.actions_label);
+    json_set(list, "confirm_label", options.confirm_label);
+    json_set(list, "delete_confirm", options.delete_confirm);
+    json_set(list, "view_status_label", options.view_status_label);
+    json_set(list, "management_label", options.management_label.empty() ? descriptor.label() + " Management" : options.management_label);
+    json_set(list, "default_order_by", options.default_order_by);
+    json_set(list, "default_order_dir", options.default_order_dir);
+    json_set(list, "user_reorderable", options.user_reorderable_);
+    json_set(list, "column_reorderable", options.column_reorderable_);
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(result, "protocol", "adminive.resource");
+    json_set(result, "protocol_version", 1);
+    json_set(result, "name", descriptor.name());
+    json_set(result, "label", descriptor.label());
+    json_set(result, "value_type", "object");
+    json_set(result, "list", std::move(list));
+    json_set(result, "fields", std::move(fields));
+    return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_json(const T& value) {
     const auto descriptor = describe<T>();
-    Json result = Json::object();
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
     std::apply([&](const auto&... item) {
-        ([&] {
-            using Field = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(item)>;
-            result[item.name()] = encode_json_value(value.*Field::member);
-        }(), ...);
+        (json_set(result, item.name(), encode_json_value<Json>(item.get(value))), ...);
     }, descriptor.fields());
     return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_frontend_json(const T& value) {
     const auto descriptor = describe<T>();
-    Json result = Json::object();
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
     std::apply([&](const auto&... item) {
         ([&] {
-            using Field = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(item)>;
-            if (item.is_readable()) {
-                result[item.name()] = encode_json_value(value.*Field::member);
+            if(item.is_readable()) {
+                json_set(result, item.name(), encode_json_value<Json>(item.get(value)));
             }
         }(), ...);
     }, descriptor.fields());
     return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_data_json(const T& value) {
-    return to_frontend_json(value);
+    return to_frontend_json<Json>(value);
 }
 template <class Field>
 bool field_writable(const Field& field, Write_Mode mode) {
-    if (mode == Write_Mode::internal) {
+    if(mode == Write_Mode::internal) {
         return true;
     }
-    if (mode == Write_Mode::create) {
+    if(mode == Write_Mode::create) {
         return field.is_creatable();
     }
     return field.is_editable();
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 Update_Result apply_object_json(T& target, const Json& value, Write_Mode mode, bool complete) {
     Update_Result result;
-    if (!value.is_object()) {
+    if(!Json_Adapter<Json>::is_object(value)) {
         result.message = "value must be a JSON object";
         return result;
     }
     T candidate = target;
     const auto descriptor = describe<T>();
-    for (auto iterator = value.begin(); iterator != value.end(); ++iterator) {
+    for(const auto& key : Json_Adapter<Json>::keys(value)) {
         bool known{};
         std::apply([&](const auto&... item) {
-            known = ((iterator.key() == item.name()) || ...);
+            known = ((key == item.name()) || ...);
         }, descriptor.fields());
-        if (!known) {
-            result.field_errors[iterator.key()] = "unknown field";
+        if(!known) {
+            result.field_errors[key] = "unknown field";
         }
     }
     std::apply([&](const auto&... item) {
         ([&] {
-            using Field = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(item)>;
-            const auto iterator = value.find(item.name());
+            const bool present = Json_Adapter<Json>::contains(value, item.name());
             const bool writable = field_writable(item, mode);
-            if (complete && item.is_required() && writable && iterator == value.end()) {
+            if(complete && item.is_required() && writable && !present) {
                 result.field_errors[item.name()] = "field is required";
                 return;
             }
-            if (iterator == value.end()) {
+            if(!present) {
                 return;
             }
-            if (!writable) {
+            if(!writable) {
                 result.field_errors[item.name()] = mode == Write_Mode::create ? "field is not creatable" : "field is not editable";
                 return;
             }
             try {
-                assign_json_value(candidate.*Field::member, *iterator);
-            } catch (const Json_Assignment_Error& error) {
+                assign_json_value<Json>(item.get(candidate), Json_Adapter<Json>::at(value, item.name()));
+            } catch(const Json_Assignment_Error& error) {
                 result.field_errors[item.name()] = error.what();
-            } catch (const std::exception& error) {
+            } catch(const std::exception& error) {
                 result.field_errors[item.name()] = error.what();
             }
         }(), ...);
     }, descriptor.fields());
-    if (!result.field_errors.empty()) {
+    if(!result.field_errors.empty()) {
         result.message = "one or more fields are invalid";
         return result;
     }
     try {
         descriptor.object_validator()(candidate);
-    } catch (const std::exception& error) {
+    } catch(const std::exception& error) {
         result.message = error.what();
         return result;
     }
@@ -314,42 +370,42 @@ Update_Result apply_object_json(T& target, const Json& value, Write_Mode mode, b
     result.message = complete ? "assigned" : "updated";
     return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::default_initializable<T> && std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 Update_Result assign_json(T& target, const Json& value) {
     T candidate{};
-    auto result = apply_object_json(candidate, value, Write_Mode::internal, true);
-    if (result.success) {
+    auto result = apply_object_json<Json>(candidate, value, Write_Mode::internal, true);
+    if(result.success) {
         target = std::move(candidate);
     }
     return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 Update_Result apply_json_patch(T& target, const Json& patch) {
-    return apply_object_json(target, patch, Write_Mode::internal, false);
+    return apply_object_json<Json>(target, patch, Write_Mode::internal, false);
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 Update_Result apply_frontend_create(T& target, const Json& value) {
-    return apply_object_json(target, value, Write_Mode::create, true);
+    return apply_object_json<Json>(target, value, Write_Mode::create, true);
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 Update_Result apply_frontend_patch(T& target, const Json& patch) {
-    return apply_object_json(target, patch, Write_Mode::update, false);
+    return apply_object_json<Json>(target, patch, Write_Mode::update, false);
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 Update_Result apply_patch(T& target, const Json& patch) {
-    return apply_frontend_patch(target, patch);
+    return apply_frontend_patch<Json>(target, patch);
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 requires std::default_initializable<T> && std::copy_constructible<T> && std::assignable_from<T&, T>
 T from_json(const Json& value) {
     T result{};
-    auto update = assign_json(result, value);
-    if (!update.success) {
+    auto update = assign_json<Json>(result, value);
+    if(!update.success) {
         throw Json_Assignment_Error(std::move(update));
     }
     return result;
@@ -361,7 +417,7 @@ Update_Result validate(const T& value) {
         describe<T>().object_validator()(value);
         result.success = true;
         result.message = "valid";
-    } catch (const std::exception& error) {
+    } catch(const std::exception& error) {
         result.message = error.what();
     }
     return result;
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/status.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/status.hpp
index 360a442..a5843e2 100644
--- a/backend/include/adminive/status.hpp
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/status.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "adminive/json.hpp"
-#include <functional>
 #include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
@@ -31,64 +30,53 @@ struct Status_Inner_Value<Status_Value<T>> {
 };
 template <class T>
 using Status_Inner_Value_Type = typename Status_Inner_Value<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>::type;
-template <class T>
+template <Json_Type Json, class T>
 Json encode_status_field(const T& value) {
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
     if constexpr(Status_Value_Type<T>) {
-        return Json{{"value", encode_json_value(value.value)}, {"color", value.color}};
+        json_set(result, "value", encode_json_value<Json>(value.value));
+        json_set(result, "color", value.color);
     } else {
-        return Json{{"value", encode_json_value(value)}};
+        json_set(result, "value", encode_json_value<Json>(value));
     }
+    return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_status_descriptor_json() {
     const auto descriptor = describe<T>();
-    Json fields = Json::array();
+    Json fields = json_array<Json>();
     std::apply([&](const auto&... item) {
         ([&] {
             using Field = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(item)>;
             using Member = typename Field::member_type;
             using Value = Status_Inner_Value_Type<Member>;
-            Json field_json{{"name", item.name()}, {"label", item.label()}, {"value_type", value_type_name<Value>()}, {"color", Status_Value_Type<Member>}};
+            Json field = json_object<Json>();
+            json_set(field, "name", item.name());
+            json_set(field, "label", item.label());
+            json_set(field, "value_type", value_type_name<Json, Value>());
+            json_set(field, "color", Status_Value_Type<Member>);
             if(!item.description().empty()) {
-                field_json["description"] = item.description();
+                json_set(field, "description", item.description());
             }
-            fields.push_back(std::move(field_json));
+            json_append(fields, std::move(field));
         }(), ...);
     }, descriptor.fields());
-    return Json{{"protocol", "adminive.status"}, {"protocol_version", 1}, {"name", descriptor.name()}, {"label", descriptor.label()}, {"value_type", "status_object"}, {"fields", std::move(fields)}};
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
+    json_set(result, "protocol", "adminive.status");
+    json_set(result, "protocol_version", 1);
+    json_set(result, "name", descriptor.name());
+    json_set(result, "label", descriptor.label());
+    json_set(result, "value_type", "status_object");
+    json_set(result, "fields", std::move(fields));
+    return result;
 }
-template <Described_Type T>
+template <Json_Type Json, Described_Type T>
 Json to_status_json(const T& value) {
     const auto descriptor = describe<T>();
-    Json result = Json::object();
+    Json result = json_object<Json>();
     std::apply([&](const auto&... item) {
-        ([&] {
-            using Field = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(item)>;
-            result[item.name()] = encode_status_field(value.*Field::member);
-        }(), ...);
+        (json_set(result, item.name(), encode_status_field<Json>(item.get(value))), ...);
     }, descriptor.fields());
     return result;
 }
-template <auto Function>
-struct Member_Function_Traits;
-template <class Owner, class Result, Result (Owner::*Function)()>
-struct Member_Function_Traits<Function> {
-    using owner_type = Owner;
-    using result_type = Result;
-};
-template <class Owner, class Result, Result (Owner::*Function)() const>
-struct Member_Function_Traits<Function> {
-    using owner_type = Owner;
-    using result_type = Result;
-};
-template <class Owner, class Result, Result (Owner::*Function)() noexcept>
-struct Member_Function_Traits<Function> {
-    using owner_type = Owner;
-    using result_type = Result;
-};
-template <class Owner, class Result, Result (Owner::*Function)() const noexcept>
-struct Member_Function_Traits<Function> {
-    using owner_type = Owner;
-    using result_type = Result;
-};
 }
diff --git a/backend/include/adminive/value.hpp b/backend/include/adminive/value.hpp
index f6aa076..95a6d23 100644
--- a/backend/include/adminive/value.hpp
+++ b/backend/include/adminive/value.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
+#include "adminive/adapter.hpp"
 #include <concepts>
 #include <stdexcept>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <utility>
 namespace adminive {
@@ -85,4 +87,38 @@ template <class T, class Validator>
 struct Unwrapped_Value<Validated_Value<T, Validator>> : Unwrapped_Value<T> {};
 template <class T>
 using Unwrapped_Value_Type = typename Unwrapped_Value<std::remove_cvref_t<T>>::type;
+template <class T, T Minimum, T Maximum, class Json>
+struct Value_Adapter<Range_Value<T, Minimum, Maximum>, Json> {
+    using value_type = T;
+    static constexpr T minimum = Minimum;
+    static constexpr T maximum = Maximum;
+    static const T& read(const Range_Value<T, Minimum, Maximum>& value) noexcept {
+        return value.value();
+    }
+    static void write(Range_Value<T, Minimum, Maximum>& target, T value) {
+        target = value;
+    }
+};
+template <class Validator, class = void>
+struct Validator_Multiple_Of_Metadata {};
+template <class Validator>
+struct Validator_Multiple_Of_Metadata<Validator, std::void_t<decltype(Validator::multiple_of)>> {
+    static constexpr auto multiple_of = Validator::multiple_of;
+};
+template <class Validator, class = void>
+struct Validator_Message_Metadata {};
+template <class Validator>
+struct Validator_Message_Metadata<Validator, std::void_t<decltype(Validator::message)>> {
+    static constexpr std::string_view validation_message = Validator::message;
+};
+template <class T, class Validator, class Json>
+struct Value_Adapter<Validated_Value<T, Validator>, Json> : Validator_Multiple_Of_Metadata<Validator>, Validator_Message_Metadata<Validator> {
+    using value_type = T;
+    static const T& read(const Validated_Value<T, Validator>& value) noexcept {
+        return value.value();
+    }
+    static void write(Validated_Value<T, Validator>& target, T value) {
+        target = value;
+    }
+};
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/example.hpp b/backend/src/example.hpp
index 3ce9a26..8536c4f 100644
--- a/backend/src/example.hpp
+++ b/backend/src/example.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,34 @@
 #pragma once
 #include "adminive/adminive.hpp"
+#include "adminive/adapters/magic_enum.hpp"
+#include "adminive/adapters/nlohmann_json.hpp"
+#include "adminive/http.hpp"
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
 namespace adminive::example {
-std::string format_utc_time(std::chrono::system_clock::time_point value);
+using Json = nlohmann::json;
+template <class T>
+using Http_Resource = adminive::Http_Resource<T, Json>;
+template <class T>
+using Http_Collection_Resource = adminive::Http_Collection_Resource<T, Json>;
+inline std::string format_utc_time(std::chrono::system_clock::time_point value) {
+    const std::time_t raw_time = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(value);
+    std::tm utc_time{};
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    gmtime_s(&utc_time, &raw_time);
+#else
+    gmtime_r(&raw_time, &utc_time);
+#endif
+    std::ostringstream stream;
+    stream << std::put_time(&utc_time, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ");
+    return stream.str();
+}
 enum class Radio_Mode {
     receive,
     transmit,
@@ -30,20 +53,6 @@ enum class Alert_Channel {
     email,
     webhook
 };
-enum class Device_Table_Type {
-    serial,
-    network
-};
-enum class Serial_Parity {
-    none,
-    odd,
-    even
-};
-enum class Network_Protocol {
-    tcp,
-    udp,
-    websocket
-};
 struct Server_Status {
     std::string service_state{"running"};
     std::string server_time;
@@ -86,54 +95,143 @@ struct Alert_Config {
     std::string highlight_color{"#d97706"};
     Endpoint_Config webhook_endpoint{true, "127.0.0.1", Range_Value<int, 1, 65535>{9100}};
 };
-struct Serial_Table_Config {
-    std::string group_name{"本地串口设备"};
-    Range_Value<int, 1200, 4000000> default_baud_rate{115200};
-    Serial_Parity default_parity{Serial_Parity::none};
-    std::string accent_color{"#2563eb"};
-};
-struct Network_Table_Config {
-    std::string group_name{"网络终端"};
-    Network_Protocol default_protocol{Network_Protocol::tcp};
-    Range_Value<int, 100, 60000> timeout_ms{3000};
-    bool tls_enabled{};
-    std::string accent_color{"#16a34a"};
-};
-struct Application_Config {
-    Device_Table_Type default_device_type{Device_Table_Type::serial};
-    Radio_Service_Config radio_service{};
-    Alert_Config alerts{};
-    Serial_Table_Config serial_table{};
-    Network_Table_Config network_table{};
-};
 struct Radio_State {
     struct Even_Validator {
         static constexpr int multiple_of = 2;
         static constexpr std::string_view message = "buffer_count must be even";
-        void operator()(const int& value) const;
+        void operator()(const int& value) const {
+            if(value % 2 != 0) {
+                throw std::invalid_argument("buffer_count must be even");
+            }
+        }
     };
     struct Watermark_Validator {
-        void operator()(const Radio_State& value) const;
+        void operator()(const Radio_State& value) const {
+            if(value.low_watermark > value.high_watermark) {
+                throw std::invalid_argument("low_watermark must not exceed high_watermark");
+            }
+        }
     };
     Radio_Mode mode{Radio_Mode::receive};
     Range_Value<int, 1, 65535> port{9999};
     Validated_Value<int, Even_Validator> buffer_count{2};
     int low_watermark{};
     int high_watermark{};
-    Radio_Item_Status status();
+    Radio_Item_Status status() {
+        const auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+        const auto seconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(now.time_since_epoch()).count();
+        const auto state_index = (static_cast<std::uint64_t>(seconds / 4) + static_cast<std::uint64_t>(port.value())) % 4;
+        Radio_Operating_State state{};
+        std::string color;
+        switch(state_index) {
+        case 0:
+            state = Radio_Operating_State::starting;
+            color = "#2563eb";
+            break;
+        case 1:
+            state = Radio_Operating_State::running;
+            color = "#16a34a";
+            break;
+        case 2:
+            state = Radio_Operating_State::degraded;
+            color = "#d97706";
+            break;
+        default:
+            state = Radio_Operating_State::stopped;
+            color = "#dc2626";
+            break;
+        }
+        ++status_sequence_;
+        return Radio_Item_Status{status_value(state, std::move(color)), status_value(status_sequence_, "#475569"), status_value(format_utc_time(now), "#475569")};
+    }
 private:
     std::uint64_t status_sequence_{};
 };
-struct Serial_Device_Row {
-    std::string port_name{"COM1"};
-    Range_Value<int, 1200, 4000000> baud_rate{115200};
-    Serial_Parity parity{Serial_Parity::none};
-    bool enabled{true};
+}
+namespace adminive {
+template <>
+struct Type_Descriptor<example::Server_Status> {
+    static auto get() {
+        using T = example::Server_Status;
+        return object<T>("server_status", ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, service_state), ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, server_time), ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, uptime_seconds), ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, poll_sequence), ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, radio_state_count), ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, listen_port)).label("Server Status");
+    }
 };
-struct Network_Device_Row {
-    std::string endpoint{"127.0.0.1:7001"};
-    Network_Protocol protocol{Network_Protocol::tcp};
-    Range_Value<int, 100, 60000> timeout_ms{3000};
-    bool tls_enabled{};
+template <>
+struct Type_Descriptor<example::Radio_Item_Status> {
+    static auto get() {
+        using T = example::Radio_Item_Status;
+        return object<T>("radio_item_status", ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, operating_state, "State"), ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, refresh_sequence, "Refresh Sequence"), ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, refresh_time, "Refresh Time")).label("Runtime Status");
+    }
+};
+template <>
+struct Type_Descriptor<example::Endpoint_Config> {
+    static auto get() {
+        using T = example::Endpoint_Config;
+        return object<T>(
+            "endpoint_config",
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, enabled, "Enable Endpoint").editable().creatable().description("Controls whether this endpoint participates in the current configuration"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, host, "Host Address").editable().creatable().required().description("String input example"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, port, "Port").editable().creatable().required().description("Integer input example")
+        ).label("Endpoint");
+    }
+};
+template <>
+struct Type_Descriptor<example::Appearance_Config> {
+    static auto get() {
+        using T = example::Appearance_Config;
+        return object<T>(
+            "appearance_config",
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, panel_title, "Panel Title").editable().creatable().required().description("String input example"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, effective_date, "Effective Date").editable().creatable().required().widget("input-date").description("Date selector example"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, accent_color, "Accent Color").editable().creatable().required().widget("input-color").description("Color selector example")
+        ).label("Appearance");
+    }
+};
+template <>
+struct Type_Descriptor<example::Radio_Service_Config> {
+    static auto get() {
+        using T = example::Radio_Service_Config;
+        return object<T>(
+            "radio_service_config",
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, profile_name, "Profile Name").editable().required().description("Editable string configuration"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, mode, "Operating Mode").editable().required().description("Enum options are generated by magic_enum"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, worker_count, "Worker Count").editable().required().description("Integer number input"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, receive_gain, "Receive Gain").editable().required().description("Floating-point number input"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, primary_endpoint, "Primary Endpoint").editable().description("First child configuration group"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, backup_endpoint, "Backup Endpoint").editable().visible_on("${mode == 'duplex'}").description("Displayed only when Operating Mode is duplex"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, appearance, "Appearance").editable().description("Nested date and color controls")
+        ).label("Radio Service Configuration");
+    }
+};
+template <>
+struct Type_Descriptor<example::Alert_Config> {
+    static auto get() {
+        using T = example::Alert_Config;
+        return object<T>(
+            "alert_config",
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, enabled, "Enable Alerts").editable(),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, rule_name, "Rule Name").editable().required(),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, channel, "Delivery Channel").editable().required().description("Enum options are generated by magic_enum"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, minimum_level, "Minimum Log Level").editable().required().description("Second enum example"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, repeat_minutes, "Repeat Interval Minutes").editable().required(),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, effective_date, "Effective Date").editable().required().widget("input-date"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, highlight_color, "Highlight Color").editable().required().widget("input-color"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, webhook_endpoint, "Webhook Endpoint").editable().visible_on("${enabled && channel == 'webhook'}").description("Displayed only when alerts are enabled and channel is webhook")
+        ).label("Alert Configuration");
+    }
+};
+template <>
+struct Type_Descriptor<example::Radio_State> {
+    static auto get() {
+        using T = example::Radio_State;
+        return object<T>(
+            "radio_state",
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD_LABEL(T, mode, "Operating Mode").creatable().editable().required().list_label("Mode").order(5).sortable().description("Enum list column generated through magic_enum"),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, port).creatable().editable().required().description("Listening port").list_label("Listen Port").order(20).sortable(),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, buffer_count).creatable().editable().required().list_label("Buffers").order(10).sortable(),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, low_watermark).creatable().editable().order(30),
+            ADMINIVE_FIELD(T, high_watermark).creatable().editable().order(40)
+        ).label("Radio State").validator(T::Watermark_Validator{});
+    }
 };
 }
diff --git a/backend/src/main.cpp b/backend/src/main.cpp
index d0b05ad..ae7ac3b 100644
--- a/backend/src/main.cpp
+++ b/backend/src/main.cpp
@@ -1,53 +1,108 @@
-#include "server_app.hpp"
+#include "example.hpp"
+#include <atomic>
 #include <charconv>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <filesystem>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
 #ifndef ADMINIVE_FRONTEND_DIST_DIR
 #define ADMINIVE_FRONTEND_DIST_DIR "frontend_dist"
 #endif
-#ifndef ADMINIVE_CONFIG_FILE
-#define ADMINIVE_CONFIG_FILE "config/adminive.json"
-#endif
 namespace {
-int read_port(int argc, char** argv) {
-    if(argc == 1) {
-        return 9999;
-    }
-    const std::string_view text(argv[1]);
-    int port{};
-    const auto [end, error] = std::from_chars(text.data(), text.data() + text.size(), port);
-    if(error != std::errc{} || end != text.data() + text.size() || port < 1 || port > 65535) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return port;
+using Alert_Config = adminive::example::Alert_Config;
+using Radio_Item_Status = adminive::example::Radio_Item_Status;
+using Radio_Mode = adminive::example::Radio_Mode;
+using Radio_Service_Config = adminive::example::Radio_Service_Config;
+using Radio_State = adminive::example::Radio_State;
+using Json = adminive::example::Json;
+using State_Resource = adminive::example::Http_Collection_Resource<Radio_State>;
+using Service_Config_Resource = adminive::example::Http_Resource<Radio_Service_Config>;
+using Alert_Config_Resource = adminive::example::Http_Resource<Alert_Config>;
+Radio_State make_radio_state(Radio_Mode mode, int port, int buffer_count, int low_watermark, int high_watermark) {
+    Radio_State result;
+    result.mode = mode;
+    result.port = port;
+    result.buffer_count = buffer_count;
+    result.low_watermark = low_watermark;
+    result.high_watermark = high_watermark;
+    return result;
 }
-void describe_example() {
-    using namespace adminive::example;
-    Radio_State state;
-    const auto status_descriptor = adminive::to_status_descriptor_json<Radio_Item_Status>();
-    std::cout << adminive::to_descriptor_json<Radio_State>().dump(2) << '\n';
-    std::cout << adminive::to_json(state).dump(2) << '\n';
-    std::cout << status_descriptor.dump(2) << '\n';
-    std::cout << adminive::to_descriptor_json<Radio_Service_Config>().dump(2) << '\n';
-    std::cout << adminive::to_descriptor_json<Serial_Device_Row>().dump(2) << '\n';
-    std::cout << adminive::to_descriptor_json<Network_Device_Row>().dump(2) << '\n';
+Json make_admin_schema(const State_Resource& states, const Service_Config_Resource& service_config, const Alert_Config_Resource& alert_config) {
+    const Json states_schema = states.amis_schema();
+    Json tabs = Json::array();
+    tabs.push_back(Json{{"title", "Radio State List"}, {"body", states_schema.at("body")}});
+    tabs.push_back(Json{{"title", "Radio Service Configuration"}, {"body", service_config.amis_schema()}});
+    tabs.push_back(Json{{"title", "Alert Configuration"}, {"body", alert_config.amis_schema()}});
+    return Json{{"type", "page"}, {"title", "Adminive Complete Example"}, {"subTitle", "CRUD, enum columns, lazy status, hierarchical configuration, linkage, date and color controls are defined by the backend"}, {"body", Json{{"type", "tabs"}, {"tabs", std::move(tabs)}}}};
 }
 }
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     if(argc == 2 && std::string_view(argv[1]) == "--describe") {
-        describe_example();
+        Radio_State state;
+        Radio_Service_Config service_config;
+        Alert_Config alert_config;
+        const auto status_descriptor = adminive::to_status_descriptor_json<Json, Radio_Item_Status>();
+        std::cout << adminive::to_descriptor_json<Json, Radio_State>().dump(2) << '\n';
+        std::cout << adminive::to_json<Json>(state).dump(2) << '\n';
+        std::cout << status_descriptor.dump(2) << '\n';
+        std::cout << adminive::to_descriptor_json<Json, Radio_Service_Config>().dump(2) << '\n';
+        std::cout << adminive::to_amis_form_schema<Json>(service_config, "/admin/config/radio/data", "Confirm Changes").dump(2) << '\n';
+        std::cout << adminive::to_descriptor_json<Json, Alert_Config>().dump(2) << '\n';
+        std::cout << adminive::to_amis_form_schema<Json>(alert_config, "/admin/config/alerts/data", "Confirm Changes").dump(2) << '\n';
         return 0;
     }
-    const int port = read_port(argc, argv);
-    if(port == 0) {
-        std::cerr << "invalid port\n";
-        return 2;
+    int port = 9999;
+    if(argc == 2) {
+        const std::string_view text(argv[1]);
+        const auto [end, error] = std::from_chars(text.data(), text.data() + text.size(), port);
+        if(error != std::errc{} || end != text.data() + text.size() || port < 1 || port > 65535) {
+            std::cerr << "invalid port\n";
+            return 2;
+        }
     }
-    try {
-        adminive::example::Server_App app(port, ADMINIVE_FRONTEND_DIST_DIR, ADMINIVE_CONFIG_FILE);
-        return app.run();
-    } catch(const std::exception& error) {
-        std::cerr << error.what() << '\n';
-        return 4;
+    const auto started_at = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+    std::vector<Radio_State> initial;
+    initial.push_back(make_radio_state(Radio_Mode::receive, 10001, 2, 16, 64));
+    initial.push_back(make_radio_state(Radio_Mode::transmit, 10002, 4, 32, 128));
+    initial.push_back(make_radio_state(Radio_Mode::duplex, 10003, 8, 64, 256));
+    Radio_Service_Config radio_service_config;
+    Alert_Config alert_config;
+    httplib::Server server;
+    State_Resource state_resource("/admin/radio_states", std::move(initial), "/admin/status");
+    Service_Config_Resource service_config_resource(radio_service_config, "/admin/config/radio");
+    Alert_Config_Resource alert_config_resource(alert_config, "/admin/config/alerts");
+    state_resource.register_status<&Radio_State::status>(2000);
+    state_resource.bind(server);
+    service_config_resource.bind(server);
+    alert_config_resource.bind(server);
+    server.Get("/admin/amis", [&](const httplib::Request&, httplib::Response& response) {
+        adminive::write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", make_admin_schema(state_resource, service_config_resource, alert_config_resource)}});
+    });
+    std::atomic<std::uint64_t> poll_sequence{};
+    server.Get("/admin/status", [&](const httplib::Request&, httplib::Response& response) {
+        const auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+        const auto uptime = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - started_at).count();
+        adminive::example::Server_Status status;
+        status.server_time = adminive::example::format_utc_time(now);
+        status.uptime_seconds = static_cast<std::uint64_t>(uptime);
+        status.poll_sequence = poll_sequence.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed) + 1;
+        status.radio_state_count = state_resource.size();
+        status.listen_port = port;
+        adminive::write_http_json(response, Json{{"status", 0}, {"msg", ""}, {"data", adminive::to_frontend_json<Json>(status)}});
+    });
+    const std::filesystem::path frontend_dist = std::filesystem::path(ADMINIVE_FRONTEND_DIST_DIR).lexically_normal();
+    if(!server.set_mount_point("/", frontend_dist.string())) {
+        std::cerr << "frontend build directory does not exist: " << frontend_dist.string() << '\n';
+        std::cerr << "run npm run build from the project root before starting the backend\n";
+        return 3;
     }
+    std::cout << "Adminive server listening on http://127.0.0.1:" << port << '\n';
+    std::cout << "Serving frontend from " << frontend_dist.string() << '\n';
+    std::cout << std::flush;
+    if(!server.listen("0.0.0.0", port)) {
+        std::cerr << "failed to start server\n";
+        return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
 }
diff --git a/backend/tests/core_adapter_test.cpp b/backend/tests/core_adapter_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab4d283
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/tests/core_adapter_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+#include "adminive/adminive.hpp"
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <map>
+#include <optional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+namespace adapter_test {
+struct Mini_Json;
+using Mini_Object = std::map<std::string, Mini_Json>;
+using Mini_Array = std::vector<Mini_Json>;
+struct Mini_Json {
+    using Storage = std::variant<std::nullptr_t, bool, long double, std::string, Mini_Object, Mini_Array>;
+    Storage value{};
+};
+struct External_Atomic {
+    int value{};
+};
+enum class Mode {
+    primary = 10,
+    secondary = 20
+};
+struct Runtime_Base {
+    External_Atomic worker_count{4};
+};
+struct Mode_Base {
+    Mode mode{Mode::primary};
+};
+struct Config : Runtime_Base, Mode_Base {
+    std::string name{"default"};
+};
+}
+namespace adminive {
+template <>
+struct Json_Adapter<adapter_test::Mini_Json> {
+    using Json = adapter_test::Mini_Json;
+    static Json object() {
+        return Json{adapter_test::Mini_Object{}};
+    }
+    static Json array() {
+        return Json{adapter_test::Mini_Array{}};
+    }
+    static Json parse(std::string_view) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("parse is not implemented by the test adapter");
+    }
+    static std::string dump(const Json&, int) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    static bool is_object(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return std::holds_alternative<adapter_test::Mini_Object>(value.value);
+    }
+    static bool is_array(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return std::holds_alternative<adapter_test::Mini_Array>(value.value);
+    }
+    static bool is_string(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return std::holds_alternative<std::string>(value.value);
+    }
+    static bool is_number(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return std::holds_alternative<long double>(value.value);
+    }
+    static bool is_boolean(const Json& value) noexcept {
+        return std::holds_alternative<bool>(value.value);
+    }
+    static long double number(const Json& value) {
+        return std::get<long double>(value.value);
+    }
+    static bool contains(const Json& value, std::string_view name) {
+        const auto& object_value = std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Object>(value.value);
+        return object_value.contains(std::string(name));
+    }
+    static std::size_t size(const Json& value) {
+        if(is_object(value)) {
+            return std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Object>(value.value).size();
+        }
+        if(is_array(value)) {
+            return std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Array>(value.value).size();
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+    static std::vector<std::string> keys(const Json& value) {
+        std::vector<std::string> result;
+        for(const auto& [name, item] : std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Object>(value.value)) {
+            static_cast<void>(item);
+            result.push_back(name);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+    static Json& at(Json& value, std::string_view name) {
+        return std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Object>(value.value).at(std::string(name));
+    }
+    static const Json& at(const Json& value, std::string_view name) {
+        return std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Object>(value.value).at(std::string(name));
+    }
+    static Json& at(Json& value, std::size_t index) {
+        return std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Array>(value.value).at(index);
+    }
+    static const Json& at(const Json& value, std::size_t index) {
+        return std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Array>(value.value).at(index);
+    }
+    static void set(Json& value, std::string_view name, Json item) {
+        std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Object>(value.value).insert_or_assign(std::string(name), std::move(item));
+    }
+    static void append(Json& value, Json item) {
+        std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Array>(value.value).push_back(std::move(item));
+    }
+    static void erase(Json& value, std::string_view name) {
+        std::get<adapter_test::Mini_Object>(value.value).erase(std::string(name));
+    }
+    template <class T>
+    static Json make(T&& value) {
+        using Value = std::remove_cvref_t<T>;
+        if constexpr(std::same_as<Value, bool>) {
+            return Json{value};
+        } else if constexpr(std::integral<Value> || std::floating_point<Value>) {
+            return Json{static_cast<long double>(value)};
+        } else if constexpr(std::same_as<Value, std::string>) {
+            return Json{std::forward<T>(value)};
+        } else if constexpr(std::same_as<Value, std::string_view>) {
+            return Json{std::string(value)};
+        } else if constexpr(std::is_convertible_v<T, const char*>) {
+            return Json{std::string(value)};
+        } else {
+            static_assert(!sizeof(T), "unsupported Mini_Json scalar");
+        }
+    }
+    template <class T>
+    static T get(const Json& value) {
+        if constexpr(std::same_as<T, bool>) {
+            return std::get<bool>(value.value);
+        } else if constexpr(std::integral<T> || std::floating_point<T>) {
+            return static_cast<T>(std::get<long double>(value.value));
+        } else if constexpr(std::same_as<T, std::string>) {
+            return std::get<std::string>(value.value);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(!sizeof(T), "unsupported Mini_Json conversion");
+        }
+    }
+};
+template <class Json>
+struct Value_Adapter<adapter_test::External_Atomic, Json> {
+    using value_type = int;
+    static int read(const adapter_test::External_Atomic& value) noexcept {
+        return value.value;
+    }
+    static void write(adapter_test::External_Atomic& target, int value) noexcept {
+        target.value = value;
+    }
+};
+template <>
+struct Enum_Adapter<adapter_test::Mode> {
+    static std::vector<adapter_test::Mode> values() {
+        return {adapter_test::Mode::primary, adapter_test::Mode::secondary};
+    }
+    static std::string_view name(adapter_test::Mode value) {
+        return value == adapter_test::Mode::primary ? "primary" : "secondary";
+    }
+    static std::optional<adapter_test::Mode> cast(std::string_view value) {
+        if(value == "primary") {
+            return adapter_test::Mode::primary;
+        }
+        if(value == "secondary") {
+            return adapter_test::Mode::secondary;
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    static std::optional<adapter_test::Mode> cast(std::underlying_type_t<adapter_test::Mode> value) {
+        if(value == 10) {
+            return adapter_test::Mode::primary;
+        }
+        if(value == 20) {
+            return adapter_test::Mode::secondary;
+        }
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+};
+template <>
+struct Reflection_Adapter<adapter_test::Config> {
+    static constexpr std::size_t field_count = 3;
+    template <std::size_t Index>
+    static decltype(auto) get(adapter_test::Config& value) noexcept {
+        if constexpr(Index == 0) {
+            return (value.worker_count);
+        } else if constexpr(Index == 1) {
+            return (value.mode);
+        } else {
+            return (value.name);
+        }
+    }
+    template <std::size_t Index>
+    static decltype(auto) get(const adapter_test::Config& value) noexcept {
+        if constexpr(Index == 0) {
+            return (value.worker_count);
+        } else if constexpr(Index == 1) {
+            return (value.mode);
+        } else {
+            return (value.name);
+        }
+    }
+    template <std::size_t Index>
+    static constexpr std::string_view name() noexcept {
+        if constexpr(Index == 0) {
+            return "worker_count";
+        } else if constexpr(Index == 1) {
+            return "mode";
+        } else {
+            return "name";
+        }
+    }
+};
+template <>
+struct Type_Descriptor<adapter_test::Config> {
+    static auto get() {
+        using T = adapter_test::Config;
+        return reflected_object_with<T>("config", "配置", []<std::size_t Index>(auto field) {
+            if constexpr(Index == 0) {
+                return field.label("线程数").editable().required();
+            } else if constexpr(Index == 1) {
+                return field.label("模式").editable().template enum_label<adapter_test::Mode::primary>("主用").template enum_label<adapter_test::Mode::secondary>("备用");
+            } else {
+                return field.label("名称").editable();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+};
+}
+int main() {
+    using Json = adapter_test::Mini_Json;
+    using Config = adapter_test::Config;
+    const Json descriptor = adminive::to_descriptor_json<Json, Config>();
+    const auto& fields = adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(descriptor, "fields");
+    assert((adminive::json_get<Json, std::string>(adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(fields, 0), "name")) == "worker_count"));
+    assert((adminive::json_get<Json, int>(adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(fields, 0), "default")) == 4));
+    const auto& options = adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(fields, 1), "options");
+    assert((adminive::json_get<Json, std::string>(adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(options, 0), "label")) == "主用"));
+    Config config;
+    Json patch = adminive::json_object<Json>();
+    adminive::json_set(patch, "worker_count", 12);
+    adminive::json_set(patch, "mode", "secondary");
+    adminive::json_set(patch, "name", "updated");
+    const auto result = adminive::apply_frontend_patch<Json>(config, patch);
+    assert(result.success);
+    assert(config.worker_count.value == 12);
+    assert(config.mode == adapter_test::Mode::secondary);
+    assert(config.name == "updated");
+    const Json encoded = adminive::to_json<Json>(config);
+    assert((adminive::json_get<Json, int>(adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(encoded, "worker_count")) == 12));
+    assert((adminive::json_get<Json, std::string>(adminive::Json_Adapter<Json>::at(encoded, "mode")) == "secondary"));
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/backend/tests/test.cpp b/backend/tests/test.cpp
index 8293fe0..60dd09a 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test.cpp
+++ b/backend/tests/test.cpp
@@ -1,70 +1,161 @@
-#include "config_store.hpp"
-#include "device_tables.hpp"
-#include "example_descriptors.hpp"
+#include "example.hpp"
 #include <cassert>
-#include <filesystem>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
 int main() {
-    using namespace adminive::example;
-    const auto radio_descriptor = adminive::to_descriptor_json<Radio_State>();
-    assert(radio_descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("name") == "mode");
-    assert(radio_descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("list_label") == "模式");
-    assert(radio_descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("options").at(0).at("label") == "接收");
-    assert(radio_descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("options").at(2).at("label") == "双工");
-    assert(radio_descriptor.at("list").at("id_label") == "编号");
-    assert(radio_descriptor.at("list").at("default_order_by") == "buffer_count");
-    assert(radio_descriptor.at("list").at("default_order_dir") == "asc");
-    const auto radio_crud = adminive::to_amis_crud_schema<Radio_State>("/admin/radio_states");
-    const auto& radio_table = radio_crud.at("body");
-    assert(radio_table.at("columns").at(0).at("label") == "编号");
-    assert(radio_table.at("columns").at(1).at("map").at("receive") == "接收");
-    assert(radio_table.at("columns").at(2).at("name") == "buffer_count");
-    assert(radio_table.at("headerToolbar").at(0).at("type") == "columns-toggler");
-    assert(radio_table.at("headerToolbar").at(0).at("draggable") == true);
-    assert(radio_table.at("defaultParams").at("orderBy") == "buffer_count");
-    assert(!radio_table.contains("draggable"));
-    const auto serial_descriptor = adminive::to_descriptor_json<Serial_Device_Row>();
-    assert(serial_descriptor.at("list").at("user_reorderable") == true);
-    assert(serial_descriptor.at("fields").at(2).at("options").at(0).at("label") == "无校验");
-    const auto serial_crud = adminive::to_amis_crud_schema<Serial_Device_Row>("/admin/device_tables/serial/items");
-    assert(serial_crud.at("body").at("draggable") == true);
-    assert(serial_crud.at("body").at("saveOrderApi").at("url") == "/admin/device_tables/serial/items/order");
-    const auto network_crud = adminive::to_amis_crud_schema<Network_Device_Row>("/admin/device_tables/network/items");
-    assert(network_crud.at("body").at("columns").at(1).at("label") == "地址");
-    assert(network_crud.at("body").at("columns").at(2).at("map").at("websocket") == "WebSocket");
-    Radio_Service_Config radio_config;
-    const auto radio_form = adminive::to_amis_form_schema(radio_config, "/admin/config/radio/data", "确认修改");
-    assert(radio_form.at("body").at(0).at("type") == "input-text");
-    assert(radio_form.at("body").at(1).at("type") == "select");
-    assert(radio_form.at("body").at(1).at("options").at(2).at("label") == "双工");
-    assert(radio_form.at("body").at(5).at("visibleOn") == "${mode == 'duplex'}");
-    assert(radio_form.at("body").at(6).at("body").at(1).at("type") == "input-date");
-    assert(radio_form.at("body").at(6).at("body").at(2).at("type") == "input-color");
+    using adminive::example::Alert_Config;
+    using adminive::example::Radio_Item_Status;
+    using adminive::example::Radio_Mode;
+    using adminive::example::Radio_Service_Config;
+    using adminive::example::Radio_State;
+    using Json = adminive::example::Json;
     Radio_State state;
-    const auto first_status = adminive::to_status_json(state.status());
-    const auto second_status = adminive::to_status_json(state.status());
+    const auto descriptor = adminive::to_descriptor_json<Json, Radio_State>();
+    assert(descriptor.at("name") == "radio_state");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").size() == 5);
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("name") == "mode");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("label") == "Operating Mode");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("list_label") == "Mode");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("value_type") == "enum");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("options").size() == 4);
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("options").at(0).at("value") == "receive");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("options").at(2).at("value") == "duplex");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("order") == 5);
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("sortable") == true);
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(1).at("name") == "port");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(1).at("list_label") == "Listen Port");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(1).at("minimum") == 1);
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(1).at("maximum") == 65535);
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(2).at("name") == "buffer_count");
+    assert(descriptor.at("fields").at(2).at("multiple_of") == 2);
+    const auto initial = adminive::to_json<Json>(state);
+    assert(initial.at("mode") == "receive");
+    assert(initial.at("port") == 9999);
+    Radio_State assigned;
+    auto result = adminive::assign_json<Json>(assigned, Json{{"mode", "transmit"}, {"port", 7000}, {"buffer_count", 6}, {"low_watermark", 10}, {"high_watermark", 20}});
+    assert(result.success);
+    assert(assigned.mode == Radio_Mode::transmit);
+    assert(assigned.port.value() == 7000);
+    result = adminive::apply_json_patch<Json>(assigned, Json{{"mode", "duplex"}, {"port", 7200}});
+    assert(result.success);
+    assert(assigned.mode == Radio_Mode::duplex);
+    assert(assigned.port.value() == 7200);
+    result = adminive::apply_patch<Json>(state, Json{{"buffer_count", 3}});
+    assert(!result.success);
+    assert(state.buffer_count.value() == 2);
+    result = adminive::apply_patch<Json>(state, Json{{"low_watermark", 64}, {"high_watermark", 32}});
+    assert(!result.success);
+    assert(state.low_watermark == 0);
+    result = adminive::apply_patch<Json>(state, Json{{"missing", 1}});
+    assert(!result.success);
+    assert(result.field_errors.contains("missing"));
+    Radio_State created;
+    result = adminive::apply_frontend_create<Json>(created, Json{{"mode", "maintenance"}, {"port", 7300}, {"buffer_count", 10}, {"low_watermark", 12}, {"high_watermark", 24}});
+    assert(result.success);
+    assert(created.mode == Radio_Mode::maintenance);
+    result = adminive::apply_frontend_create<Json>(created, Json{{"port", 7300}});
+    assert(!result.success);
+    assert(result.field_errors.contains("mode"));
+    assert(result.field_errors.contains("buffer_count"));
+    const auto form = adminive::to_amis_form_schema<Json>(state, "/admin/radio_state", "Confirm Changes");
+    assert(form.at("type") == "form");
+    assert(form.at("body").size() == 5);
+    assert(form.at("body").at(0).at("type") == "select");
+    assert(form.at("body").at(0).at("options").size() == 4);
+    assert(form.at("body").at(1).at("type") == "input-number");
+    assert(form.at("body").at(2).at("step") == 2);
+    assert(form.at("actions").size() == 2);
+    assert(form.at("actions").at(0).at("type") == "reset");
+    assert(form.at("actions").at(1).at("type") == "submit");
+    assert(form.at("actions").at(1).at("label") == "Confirm Changes");
+    const auto crud = adminive::to_amis_crud_schema<Json, Radio_State>("/admin/radio_states");
+    assert(crud.at("type") == "page");
+    assert(crud.at("body").at("type") == "crud");
+    assert(crud.at("body").at("columns").size() == 7);
+    assert(crud.at("body").at("columns").at(1).at("name") == "mode");
+    assert(crud.at("body").at("columns").at(1).at("type") == "mapping");
+    assert(crud.at("body").at("columns").at(1).at("map").at("duplex") == "Duplex");
+    assert(crud.at("body").at("columns").at(2).at("name") == "buffer_count");
+    assert(crud.at("body").at("columns").at(3).at("name") == "port");
+    assert(!crud.at("body").contains("interval"));
+    const auto& create_form = crud.at("body").at("headerToolbar").at(2).at("dialog").at("body");
+    assert(create_form.at("actions").at(1).at("type") == "submit");
+    assert(create_form.at("actions").at(1).at("label") == "Create");
+    const auto status_descriptor = adminive::to_status_descriptor_json<Json, Radio_Item_Status>();
+    assert(status_descriptor.at("protocol") == "adminive.status");
+    assert(status_descriptor.at("fields").size() == 3);
+    assert(status_descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("name") == "operating_state");
+    assert(status_descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("value_type") == "enum");
+    assert(status_descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("color") == true);
+    const auto first_status = adminive::to_status_json<Json>(state.status());
+    const auto second_status = adminive::to_status_json<Json>(state.status());
+    assert(first_status.at("operating_state").contains("color"));
+    assert(!first_status.at("operating_state").at("color").get<std::string>().empty());
     assert(first_status.at("refresh_sequence").at("value") == 1);
     assert(second_status.at("refresh_sequence").at("value") == 2);
-    const auto config_root = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "adminive_config_store_test";
-    const auto config_file = config_root / "adminive.json";
-    std::filesystem::remove_all(config_root);
-    {
-        Config_Store store(config_file);
-        assert(std::filesystem::exists(config_file));
-        Radio_Service_Config changed = store.data().radio_service;
-        changed.profile_name = "持久化配置";
-        std::scoped_lock lock(store.mutex());
-        store.persist_radio_service(changed);
-    }
-    {
-        Config_Store store(config_file);
-        assert(store.data().radio_service.profile_name == "持久化配置");
-        Device_Table_Manager manager(store);
-        const auto schema = manager.amis_schema();
-        assert(schema.at("data").at("device_type") == "serial");
-        assert(schema.at("body").at("body").at(0).at("label") == "设备类型");
-        assert(schema.at("body").at("body").at(0).at("options").size() == 2);
-        assert(schema.at("body").at("body").at(2).at("schemaApi").at("url") == "/admin/device_tables/schema?type=${device_type}");
-    }
-    std::filesystem::remove_all(config_root);
+    const auto status_crud = adminive::to_amis_crud_status_schema<Json, Radio_State>("/admin/radio_states", "/admin/status", &status_descriptor);
+    assert(status_crud.at("body").is_array());
+    assert(status_crud.at("body").at(0).at("type") == "service");
+    assert(status_crud.at("body").at(1).at("columns").size() == 8);
+    const auto& status_column = status_crud.at("body").at(1).at("columns").at(6);
+    assert(status_column.at("label") == "Runtime Status");
+    assert(status_column.at("popOver").at("trigger") == "click");
+    assert(status_column.at("popOver").at("body").at("api").at("url") == "/admin/radio_states/${id}/status");
+    adminive::example::Http_Collection_Resource<Radio_State> collection_resource("/admin/radio_states", std::vector<Radio_State>{state}, "/admin/status");
+    collection_resource.register_status<&Radio_State::status>(3000);
+    const auto registered_schema = collection_resource.amis_schema();
+    const auto& registered_status_column = registered_schema.at("body").at(1).at("columns").at(6);
+    assert(registered_status_column.at("popOver").at("body").at("interval") == 3000);
+    Radio_Service_Config service_config;
+    const auto service_descriptor = adminive::to_descriptor_json<Json, Radio_Service_Config>();
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").size() == 7);
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").at(0).at("value_type") == "string");
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").at(1).at("value_type") == "enum");
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").at(2).at("value_type") == "integer");
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").at(3).at("value_type") == "number");
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").at(4).at("value_type") == "object");
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").at(4).at("children").size() == 3);
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").at(5).at("visible_on") == "${mode == 'duplex'}");
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").at(6).at("children").at(1).at("widget") == "input-date");
+    assert(service_descriptor.at("fields").at(6).at("children").at(2).at("widget") == "input-color");
+    const auto service_form = adminive::to_amis_form_schema<Json>(service_config, "/admin/config/radio/data", "Confirm Changes");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(0).at("type") == "input-text");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(1).at("type") == "select");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(2).at("type") == "input-number");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(3).at("type") == "input-number");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(4).at("type") == "fieldset");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(4).at("body").at(1).at("name") == "primary_endpoint.host");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(5).at("visibleOn") == "${mode == 'duplex'}");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(6).at("body").at(1).at("type") == "input-date");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(6).at("body").at(1).at("valueFormat") == "YYYY-MM-DD");
+    assert(service_form.at("body").at(6).at("body").at(2).at("type") == "input-color");
+    assert(service_form.at("actions").at(1).at("type") == "submit");
+    result = adminive::apply_frontend_patch<Json>(service_config, Json{{"profile_name", "Duplex Profile"}, {"mode", "duplex"}, {"worker_count", 8}, {"receive_gain", 2.5}, {"primary_endpoint", Json{{"enabled", true}, {"host", "10.0.0.1"}, {"port", 9200}}}, {"backup_endpoint", Json{{"enabled", true}, {"host", "10.0.0.2"}, {"port", 9201}}}, {"appearance", Json{{"panel_title", "Duplex Radio"}, {"effective_date", "2026-08-07"}, {"accent_color", "#16a34a"}}}});
+    assert(result.success);
+    assert(service_config.mode == Radio_Mode::duplex);
+    assert(service_config.primary_endpoint.host == "10.0.0.1");
+    assert(service_config.appearance.accent_color == "#16a34a");
+    Alert_Config alert_config;
+    const auto alert_form = adminive::to_amis_form_schema<Json>(alert_config, "/admin/config/alerts/data", "Confirm Changes");
+    assert(alert_form.at("body").size() == 8);
+    assert(alert_form.at("body").at(1).at("type") == "input-text");
+    assert(alert_form.at("body").at(2).at("type") == "select");
+    assert(alert_form.at("body").at(3).at("type") == "select");
+    assert(alert_form.at("body").at(4).at("type") == "input-number");
+    assert(alert_form.at("body").at(5).at("type") == "input-date");
+    assert(alert_form.at("body").at(6).at("type") == "input-color");
+    assert(alert_form.at("body").at(7).at("type") == "fieldset");
+    assert(alert_form.at("body").at(7).at("visibleOn") == "${enabled && channel == 'webhook'}");
+    adminive::example::Http_Resource<Radio_Service_Config> service_resource(service_config, "/admin/config/radio");
+    const auto resource_form = service_resource.amis_schema();
+    assert(resource_form.at("api").at("method") == "post");
+    assert(resource_form.at("api").at("url") == "/admin/config/radio/data");
+    assert(resource_form.at("actions").at(1).at("label") == "Confirm Changes");
+    adminive::example::Server_Status server_status;
+    server_status.server_time = "2026-08-06T00:00:00Z";
+    server_status.poll_sequence = 7;
+    const auto status_json = adminive::to_frontend_json<Json>(server_status);
+    assert(status_json.at("service_state") == "running");
+    assert(status_json.at("poll_sequence") == 7);
     return 0;
 }